The Greeks An Introduction to Their Culture, 3rd edition

Sardis

LESBOS

SCYTHIA

E u

ph r

at es

MEDIA

PERSIS

E G Y PT

SYRIA

Issus

Gaugamela

Cunaxa

Susa

Persepolis

Cyrene

Babylon

RHODES

CYPRUS

LYDIACARIA

Tigris

Nile

LakeAral

CaspianSea

B l a c k

S e a

PHRYGIAIONIA

AP

PH

LA

GO

NI

A

The Persian empire,

c. 500

BC

500 miles

1000 km

HP

NEO

AICI

FIGURE 14

The Near East and the Persian empire