298 Port anD the Douro
Churchill 208–9, 249
Cima Corgo 5, 17, 50, 55, 58, 78, 79
by train 266–7
Pinhão 30–31, 37, 41, 56, 57, 103, 266, 269
quinta 88, 97–101, 103–6
Pinhão 104–6
Pinhão Valley 106–9
Roncão to Tua 110–13
Torto Valley 101–3
Tua to Valeira 114–15
clarification and filtration 145–6
classification 43, 58–62, 150
climate 56–7, 58, 142–3, 163–99
clonal selection programme 73
co-operatives 43, 44, 203, 283
Côa valley World Heritage site 46, 121, 268
Cockburn 20, 73, 74, 79, 121, 132, 204, 209–10
Cockburn, Ernest 151, 194, 195, 196, 197–8, 244
colour 151
corks and cork extraction 42–3, 201
Croft 9, 21, 132, 204–5, 212–13
Cruz 220
Decanter 167, 259
decanting 200–201
Delaforce 204, 213–14
Delaforce, Nick 212
Descrição do terreno em roda da cidade de Lamego,
duas leguas (Rui Fernandes) 71
Diageo 223
Dinamização Cultural (‘Cultural Dynamization’) 47
diseases and pests
Bunch rot (Botritys cinerea) 69
grape moth (cochylis and eudemis) 69
leaf-hopper (cicadela) 69
leafroll virus (Enrolamento) 69
mildew (oidium) 28–9, 68–9
phylloxera 28–9, 31–2, 64, 89, 198, 244
treatments and replanting 31–2, 68–9
dornas (steel bins) 126
Douro Codega 85
Douro region
accommodation/hotels 268–69
by car 267–8
by train 265–7
climate 56–7, 58, 142–3
patterns (1844–2011) 163–99
economy 51–2, 271
restaurants 270
tourism 271–2
Douro region, geology and geography 53–5
Douro region, history of
changes (1975–2000) 48–51, 64–5
civil war 21
demarkation under Franco and Ferreira de
Amaral 36–7
demarkation under Pombal 14, 16–17
development under European Union 50–51
expansion of vineyards 16–17
first republic and First World War 37
images and descriptions (19th century) 23–4
settlement patterns 30–31
travel/railways 29–30
see also Port, history of
Douro River 23, 265
boats (barcos rabelos) 30
entrance to 34
floods (cheias) and dams 45–6
Forrester’s death on 26
Forrester’s description of 23
regatta 263
tributaries 58
Valeira rapids 16–17
Douro Superior 28, 29, 55, 58, 69, 79, 85, 246,
268
Pocinho to Barca d’Alva 120–23
Valeira to Pocinho 116–19
Dow 119, 187, 189, 195, 198, 214–15
Dutch market 271early wines 5–6
eggs custom 37–8
elderberry (baga ) 11, 26, 137
encuba process 138
English trade see British market
enjambeurs (tractors) 64
entreposto (entrepôt) 38–9, 40, 50
enzymes 132
espumante (sparkling wine) 86
European Union 50, 90, 245
extraction 132–3, 134–5, 140, 142Factory House 7, 18–19, 19, 20, 24, 262, 264
feitoria demarcations 14
fermentation 11, 12, 127, 128–30
autovinification 44, 130–4
fermenters (and Port-Toes) 134–5
movimost system 132
pink Port 136
thermo-vinification system 132