Only in Australia The History, Politics, and Economics of Australian Exceptionalism

9 Socialism in Six Colonies The Aftermath Jonathan Pincus In 1890 the Australian colonies collectively operated by far the large ...

nationalized their rail systems, many were subsequently privatized; whereas in Australia, apart from dedicated mining lines, the ...

1977), was that Australia’s was a case of‘socialism without doctrine’. It was pragmatism, not ideology, which led to state-finan ...

decades, Australian securities‘absorbed almost three-quarters of the portfolio [non-equity] investment that passed through the f ...

9.1.3The State as‘One Big Company’ The outcome was that, for many decades, the rail systems were planned, constructed, and opera ...

manifestations of size, the railways left legacies, some temporary, some per- manent. Here we deal briefly withfinances. The rai ...

servicing was partly responsible for the‘trade diversion’strategy in the 1930s, of discrimination against imports from the USA a ...

imports; against wage rates set in the market; and, compounded with racism, against low-wage immigration. Moreover, private busi ...

the 1920s).^12 The board established under the Transport Regulation Act of 1933 refused to license car services that Reginald An ...

which freed the public budget for more popular spending, on transport, education, and health (Abbott 2014). Two Victorian public ...

Other famous railway strikes were in 1917—which started in NSW, spread to other states and industries, and involved over 100,000 ...

In 1883 Victoria deviated from the British system of ministerial responsi- bility by creating the Railways Commission with a deg ...

9.2.6Political Economy State-owned enterprises are used in the pursuit of government objectives that can be obtained more easily ...

widely; and an intermediate set. Two narrow groups gained most. First were those whom the railways employed (or bought materials ...

patronage system allowed a member of parliament to offer individualized benefits to constituents and others, which was a feasibl ...

Under him, a series of deficits of over £200,000 was converted temporarily into a small surplus by 1885–86 (Lee 2009, p. 84). Ho ...

counterfactual. However, there is a substantial complication in pursuing these comparative questions: it was not public sector i ...

systems of different countries and different ownership arrangements, from the 1880s to 1912. His conclusions were that, although ...

One apparent difference related to land values. The revenues of private rail companies were boosted when the lines enhanced the ...

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 1925.Official Year Book of the Commonwealth of Australia, no. 18. Melbourne: Government p ...