impact on budget 200
impact on current account deficit 203
impact on saving 200, 202, 203
retirement 203
Superannuation Guarantee Charge Act 195
Superannuation Industry Supervision
Act 196
taxation 197– 8
voluntary contributions 195
superannuation funds
‘industry funds’194, 196, 205
funds management 188, 194, 206
Sweden 3, 4, 8, 155, 190
Sydney 12, 21, 30, 48, 49, 212, 219, 220,
222, 303
Syme, David 162 n29, 181
tariffs 231, 232, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241
see alsoBrigden Report
Tasmania 109, 144, 147, 149, 177, 247
Tasmanian Dams case 109
taxation 56 n45, 121, 167 n3, 168 n5, 173,
197 – 8, 203, 204 n25
concessions 195, 196, 217, 223
of superannuation 197– 8
see alsogoods and services tax, income tax,
land taxation, mining taxation, tobacco
taxation
technology
seerefrigeration, stripper-harvester,
stump-jump plough
television
impact on sport 213, 216, 220, 223– 4
Thatcher, Margaret 75, 280
The Cambridge History of Australia 100
The English Constitution 110
The Lucky Country 100
The Oxford Companion to Australian History 100
tobacco taxation 3
Tocqueville, Alexis de.
aristocratic background 82– 3
attitude to democracy 86
attitude to equality 86– 9
attitude to religion 94– 5
commitment to liberalism 83
definition of mores 94
generation (his) 83– 4
generational effects 83
methodology 92– 3
similarities and contrasts with Hancock 82– 3
see alsoDemocracy in America
Toyota 130, 132
trade unions 8, 29, 40, 43, 46, 131, 194, 204,
238, 284, 285
Australian Manufacturing Workers Union
(AMWU) 131
decline 135, 194
origins and growth 26, 43 n18, 123, 295
in railways 175
registered unions 123, 124, 126
and superannuation 193, 204, 206
trade union density 133, 135, 137
union amalgamation 126, 127
transport costs 173, 213, 246, 249, 256,
258, 291
Treaty of Waitangi 290, 291, 293, 294 n10
tropical Australia 10 n14, 31, 253
hurt by dear labour 31
Tsokhas, K. 101
unemployment
benefit 2, 191, 192
level 14 n21, 125, 126, 134, 193, 235, 301
and minimum wages 138– 9
relief 26
universities 12, 43, 63, 67, 97, 101, 111,
112, 284
USA
ballot 144 n4, 147
climate as attraction 29
franchise 160 n25
industrial relations 135, 136
religion 64
Utilitarianism 62–4, 69, 71, 146
see alsoBenthamism
Vogel, Julius 294, 295 n13, 296, 301
voluntary associations 43, 96
voting
patterns 11, 155, 180, 220, 235, 302 n32
preferential 150–3, 298 n23
of the legislature 278, 279, 280, 281,
298 n23
outcomes of referendums 74, 108, 162 n27,
207 n29, 219, 267, 268
results of elections 153, 156, 193, 276, 306
rights and obligations 20, 23, 24, 25, 28, 50,
143, 143 n1, 162
See alsoballot, franchise, electoral systems,
compulsory voting
wage-fixing 120–2, 228, 230, 231, 232, 233,
234, 235, 237
see alsominimum wage, penalty rates
Wakefield E. G. 292
Walker, D. 85, 97
Ward, Joseph 296, 297 n21
Ward, Russel 11, 12, 34, 38–41, 52 n35
welfare state 2, 297, 304, 307
welfare state pre-1900 26
welfare state post-1900 27
in New Zealand 289, 301 n28, 302 n29,
305, 306
see alsodemograntIndex