THE BASICS OF APA STYLE 349
The Basics of aPa sTyLe
In-Text Citations. In APA style, in-text citations identify the author or au -
thors of a source and the publication date. If the author or authors are men -
tioned in the text, only the publication date is needed:Feingold (1992) documented the fact that males perform much better than females
in math and science and other “masculine” areas.Notice that the in-text citation does not include a page number. Because
Feingold is only cited, not quoted, no page reference is necessary. If the
source is quoted directly, a page number is added in parentheses following
the quote:Feingold (1992) argued that “men scored significantly higher than women in situa-
tions designed to test aptitude in mathematics and hard sciences” (p. 92).APA style uses the abbreviation p. or pp. before page numbers, which MLA
style does not. If the author is not identified with a signal phrase, the name,
year, and page number would be noted parenthetically after the quotation:One study found that “men scored significantly higher than women in situations
designed to test aptitude in mathematics and hard sciences” (Feingold, 1992,
p. 92).Many studies in the social sciences have multiple authors. In a work
with two authors, cite both authors every time:Dlugos and Friedlander (2000) wrote that “sustaining passionate commitment to
work as a psychotherapist reflects passionate commitment in other areas of life”
(p. 298).Here, too, if you do not identify the authors in a signal phrase, include their
names, the year the source was published, and the relevant page number
parenthetically after the quotation — but use an ampersand (&) instead of
the word and between the authors’ names:Some believe that “sustaining passionate commitment to work as a psychotherapist
reflects passionate commitment in other areas of life” (Dlugos & Friedlander, 2000,
p. 298).Use the same principles the first time you cite a work with three to five
authors:Booth-Butterfield, Anderson, and Williams (2000) tested...
(Booth-Butterfield, Anderson, & Williams, 2000, p. 5)Thereafter, you can use the name of the first author followed by the abbre-
viation et al. (Latin for “and others”) in roman type:19_GRE_60141_App_BRF_343_353.indd 349 10/31/14 4:48 PM