226 Surgical Treatment
Ray WM, Gustafson SB, Huber MJ. Tibial plateau
leveling osteotomy in a llama with a ruptured
cranial cruciate ligament. J Am Vet Med Assoc
2004;225:1739–1742.
Reif U, Dejardin LM, Probst CW,et al.Influence of
limb positioning and measurement method on the
magnitude of the tibial plateau angle. Vet Surg
2004;33:368–375.
Reif U, Hulse DA, Hauptman JG. Effect of tibial
plateau leveling on stability of the canine cranial
cruciate-deficient stifle joint: anin vitrostudy. Vet
Surg 2002;31:147–154.
Robinson DA, Mason DR, Evans R,et al.The effect
of tibial plateau angle on ground reaction forces 4–
17 months after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in
Labrador Retrievers. Vet Surg 2006;35:294–299.
Romano LS, Cook JL. Safety and functional out-
comes associated with short-term rehabilitation
therapy in the post-operative management of tibial
plateau leveling osteotomy. Can Vet J 2015;56:942–
946.
Rutherford S, Bell J, Ness M. Fracture of the patella
after TPLO in dogs. Vet Surg 2014;43:523–524.
Sathya S, Gilbert P, Sharma A,et al.Effect of tib-
ial plateau levelling osteotomy on patellar ten-
don angle: a prospective clinical study. Vet Comp
Orthop Traumatol 2014;27:346–350.
Schmerbach KI, Boeltzig CK, Reif U,et al. In vitrocom-
parison of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy with
and without use of a tibial plateau leveling jig. Vet
Surg 2007;36:156–163.
Slocum B, Slocum TD. Tibial plateau leveling
osteotomy for repair of cranial cruciate ligament
rupture in the canine. Vet Clin North Am Small
Anim Pract 1993;23:777–795.
Solano MA, Danielski A, Kovach K,et al.Locking
plate and screw fixation after tibial plateau level-
ing osteotomy reduces postoperative infection rate
in dogs over 50 kg. Vet Surg 2015;44:59–64.
Stauffer KD, Tuttle TA, Elkins AD,et al.Complica-
tions associated with 696 tibial plateau leveling
osteotomies (2001–2003). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc
2006;42:44–50.
Talaat MB, Kowaleski MP, Boudrieau RJ. Combi-
nation tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and cra-
nial closing wedge osteotomy of the tibia for the
treatment of cranial cruciate ligament-deficient sti-
fles with excessive tibial plateau angle. Vet Surg
2006;35:729–739.
Tan CJ, Bergh MS, Schembri MA,et al.Accuracy
of tibial osteotomy placement using 2 different
tibial plateau leveling osteotomy jigs. Vet Surg
2014;43:525–533.
Taylor J, Langenbach A, Marcellin-Little DJ. Risk
factors for fibular fracture after TPLO. Vet Surg
2011;40:687–693.
Thieman KM, Tomlinson JL, Fox DB,et al.Effect of
meniscal release on rate of subsequent meniscal
tears and owner-assessed outcome in dogs with
cruciate disease treated with tibial plateau leveling
osteotomy. Vet Surg 2006;35:705–710.
Tuttle TA, Manley PA. Risk factors associated
with fibular fracture after tibial plateau leveling
osteotomy. Vet Surg 2009;38:355–360.
Unis MD, Johnson AL, Griffon DJ,et al.Evaluation of
intra- and interobserver variability and repeatabil-
ity of tibial plateau angle measurements with digi-
tal radiography using a novel digital radiographic
program. Vet Surg 2010;39:187–194.
Vedrine B, Guillemot A, Fontaine D,et al.Compar-
ative anatomy of the proximal tibia in healthy
Labrador Retrievers and Yorkshire Terriers. Vet
Comp Orthop Traumatol 2013;26:266–70.
Warzee CC, Dejardin LM, Arnoczky SP,et al.Effect
of tibial plateau leveling on cranial and caudal tib-
ial thrusts in canine cranial cruciate deficient stifles.
Vet Surg 2001;30:278–286.
Waxman AS, Robinson DA, Evans RB,et al.Relation-
ship between objective and subjective assessment
of limb function in normal dogs with an experi-
mentally induced lameness. Vet Surg 2008;37:241–
246.
Wheeler JL, Cross AR, Gingrich W.In vitroeffects
of osteotomy angle and osteotomy reduction on
tibial angulation and rotation during the tibial
plateau-leveling osteotomy procedure. Vet Surg
2003;32:371–377.
Windolf M, Leitner M, Schwieger K,et al.Accuracy
of fragment positioning after TPLO and effect on
biomechanical stability. Vet Surg 2008;37:366–373.
Witte PG, Scott HW. Tibial plateau leveling
osteotomy in small breed dogs with high tib-
ial plateau angles using a 4-hole 1.9/2.5 mm
locking T-plate. Vet Surg 2014;43:549–557.