Managing Bovine Tuberculosis: Successes and Issues 233
Fig. 15.1.
Direct and indirect pathways for spread of bo
vine tuberculosis between and within species in New Zealand. Bold arrows indicate a main source or
route of infection; brown depicts direct transmission, green depicts indirect transmission via scavenging or investigation of tuberculous carcasses and offal, red indicates that the source of infection is unknown but is likely to be by direct means. This figure is reproduced with permission of the Editor,
New Zealand Veteri-
nary Journal
, where it was first published as Figure 2 in the following paper: P.G. Livingstone, N. Hancox, G. Nugent, G.W. de Lisle (2015) Toward eradication: the
effect of
Mycobacterium bovis
infection in wildlife on the evolution and future direction of bovine tuberculosis management in New Zealand.
New Zealand Veteri-
nary Journal
63 (S1), p7.
eH
gd
eh
og
RIDNI
CE
(^) T
RT
AN
SM
ISS
ION
aR
bb
it
aH
re
lA
pa
ca
hS
ee
p
G
oa
t
aC
ttle
W
dil
d
ee
r
S
to
ta
TB^ c
ar
ca
ss
se
a
dn
ffo
la
ERID
TC
T
AR
NS
MI
SS
ION
Po
ss
mu
Fe
rr
te
Do
m
es
cti
d
ee
r
Fe
ra
l^ P
gi
Ca
t
INDIRECT TRANSMISSIONof infection via scavenging
PORTABLE DIRECT
TRANSMISSION
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
of infection via close physical contact