Bovine tuberculosis

Index 261

see also maintenance hosts
host–pathogen interactions 59, 109
human health 31, 33–34, 36, 59
human tuberculosis 35–36, 62, 178, 198–200,
242–243, 250
Africa 33
Australia 33
children 44
clinical challenges 23–24
clinical stages 182
deaths 16, 32, 239, 249
diagnostic tests 16–17, 18, 24, 25
estimates 18–19
incidence 239, 249
incubation 43–44
international epidemiological situation and
control strategy 32
Mexico 33
mortality rates 23
Mycobacterium bovis 16–30, 63, 65, 226, 239,
240, 253
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 173, 174, 179, 180
occupational risks 34–35
risk factors 12–13
super-spreaders 66
USA 16
human-to-human transmission, Mycobacterium bovis
21, 23, 34
human–animal interface 14, 17
human–animal–ecosystem interface 13
humoral immunity 161–162
hunting 21, 206, 234, 236
deer 94
husbandry 82, 217
camels 86
Cameroon 22
pigs 82
hypersensitivity
delayed test 12
delayed-type (DTH) 174
hypoxia 176

Iberian lynx 206
IGRAs 175, 176, 178, 181, 184, 192, 198, 251
IHC techniques 134
immunity 148
adaptive 154–172
humoral 161–162
in vivo studies 163
innate 160, 161
local 126–128
immunological diagnosis 173–190, 250
immunology 250–251
immunomodulatory proteins 114
immunopathogenesis, diagnostic tests 174
immunopathology 146

imported cattle, Africa 34

in-tube strategies 180–181

incidence

age-dependent patterns 50–51, 50

within-herd 51, 52

see also annual incidence

India

camels 85

unmanaged herds 50

water buffalo 84

industrial countries 51

industry 227, 229, 230

infection 45

between-species 53

cryptic 53–54

dissemination 60

force of 50

hidden burden 46–47

multiplicity of (MOI) 145

sources 58

super- 63

infectious diseases 68

infectiousness 45, 46, 48

inflammasome 146–147

inhalation model 129

innate immune system 140–153, 160, 161

inoculation 20, 45

inter-herd transmission 249

inter-species transmission 99

interferon release assays 199

interferon-?, Mycobacterium bovis 147

interleukins 143, 146

international trade 2, 3, 9, 12, 31, 32

intra-species transmission 83

Ireland

badgers 99–100, 216, 234

control programmes 62

Food Safety Authority 20

meat 20

milk production 33

Mycobacterium bovis 62–63

Northern 65–67, 68

isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation

(iTRAQ) 196

isoniazid resistance 24

Italy, eradication 63

Japan

test-and-slaughter 37

tuberculin skin test (TST) 37

Johne’s disease 211

killer cells 140, 143

knowledge 240, 253

Kruger National Park 64, 99