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The 1918 influenza pandemic cast a long
shadow, apparently affecting not only the
infected but descendants. Three researchers
at the National Bureau of Economic Research
found reduced years of schooling in a subse-
quent generation—born to women exposed
to the virus in utero in 1918—and that genera-
tion’s children, the third. The study tallied
2.4 months less schooling in the second gen-
eration and 1.7 months less schooling in the
third. Researchers suggest socioeconomics,
altered gene expression, or an interaction of environment and inherited biology explain the differ-
ences (see "Really Truly Going Viral," p. 14). Studies have found negative impacts on health and edu-
cation in the second generation; this is the first to suggest impacts in the third. The study was based
the 1957 Wisconsin Longitudinal Survey, collected from Wisconsin high school graduates.
In 1663, North America got its first Bible—in Wômpanâak, the lan-
guage of the Wampanoag, native residents of Massachusetts woodlands
and offshore islands like Nantucket. The volume was part of Christian
outreach by Peter Folger and Thomas Mayhew, Jr., the American Philo-
sophical Society, where the Bible is held, reports. British-born Folger
was 18 when he arrived with his father at Watertown, Massachusetts, in
- Endowed with skills from surveying to writing verse, Folger sur-
veyed Nantucket and learned the local language. He and collaborators
created an alphabet, translating passages and then the Bible itself. In
1663, Harvard’s Indian College printed several thousand copies of
Up-Biblum. Folger moved to Nan-
tucket with wife Mary Morell; he
had spent nine years working to
earn the money to buy her out of
indenture. Both European colo-
nists and Native Americans lived
on Nantucket. Folger had such a
good relationships that locals
called him the “white-chief’s old
young-man.”
The couple had eight children.
The last, Abiah, became the
mother of Benjamin Franklin.
First Bible Published
in North America
Pandemic
Affected
Flu Survivors’
Descendants
Fighting Flu
Volunteers in 1918
ready dressings for
use in treatment.
Restoring
Freedmen's Homes
Preservation North Carolina will acquire
and restore two historic residences in a
vanishing freedmen’s village for use as that
group’s headquarters. The houses are two
of the few remaining in Oberlin, a Raleigh
neighborhood named for the abolitionist
Ohio town where founder James Harris
went to college. The 1890s-era structures
will be linked by a deck and a basement.
The 1,000-resident neighborhood was cre-
ated in 1866 on plantation lands formerly
held by Duncan Cameron. Cameron's hold-
ings of 1,900 slaves, including James Harris,
—reportedly made him one of North Caroli-
na's largest slaveholders.