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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank A. Patke for critical reading and editing of the manuscript
and insightful discussions; M. Beck for sharing an ~12-Å cryo-ET
reconstruction of the intact human HeLa cell NPC before
publication [Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB) ID EMD-
14322]; E. Hurt, S. Wente, B. Fountura, D. Baltimore, and the
Kazusa DNA Research Institute for providing material; and F. Liang,
A. Lyons, A. Tang, and J. Thai for experimental support. We are
grateful to D. Borek, J. Kollman, G. Lander, D. Lin, S. Saladi,
and members of the Hoelz lab for insightful discussion and expertise.
We acknowledge J. Kaiser, the scientific staff of the Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) beamline 12-2, and the
National Institute of General Medical Sciences and National Cancer
Institute Structural Biology Facility (GM/CA) at the Advanced
Photon Source (APS) for their support with x-ray diffraction
measurements; S. Chen and A. Malyutin of the Beckman Institute
Resource Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy at the
California Institute of Technology (Caltech) for support with
cryo-EM microscopy imaging; J. Myers and the scientific staff of
the Pacific Northwest CryoEM Center (PNCC) at the Oregon Health
and Science University (OHSU) and the Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) for their support with cryo-EM
imaging; and the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) cryo-EM
course, the CSHL X-ray Methods in Structural Biology course, and
the Michigan Life Science Institute cryo-EM workshop and their
instructors M. Cianfrocco, W. Furey, G. Gilliland, J. Kollman,
G. Lander, M. Ohi, J. Pflugrath, A. McPherson, and M. Vos, along
with all the course staff and lecturers for valuable expert training.
Funding:The Molecular Observatory at Caltech is supported
by D. and J. Voet, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the
Beckman Institute. The Center for Molecular Medicine at Caltech
is supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The
operations at the SSRL and APS are supported by the US
Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institutes of HealthPetrovicet al., Science 376 , eabm9798 (2022) 10 June 2022 17 of 18
RESEARCH | STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEAR PORE