him. Consequently, much of what occurred during Mary’s reign may
have had less of an obviously formative influence on Jewel than the
events may otherwise convey, yet this would be a facile reading of the
evidence, for indeed this period more than his days at Oxford
determined the course of his life. Jewel’s expulsion from Corpus Christi
was predicated on several items, all linked to associations and activities
already noted: his association with Peter Martyr, his preaching of heresy
at St Mary’s, his failure to attend Mass and lastly his ordination under
Cranmer’s rite.^129 Jewel took up residence at Broadgates hall, now
Pembroke College, just opposite Christ Church.^130 The principal there,
Thomas Randolph, would also become an exile, traveling in both the
Empire and in France, and would later serve as Elizabeth’s envoy to
Scotland. The relationship between Jewel and Randolph continued into
Elizabeth’s reign, as Randolph would write Jewel from Scotland, sending
him information and news about the state of the Reformation there,
news which Jewel would in turn incorporate into his letters to
Martyr.^131
Though this period appears as one of anxiety for Jewel, initially his
status as a colleague of Martyr, or as one with essentially Protestant
sympathies, did not seem to pose any immediate threat. Having found
refuge with Randolph, at some point he attempted to go to Cleeve to see
Parkhurst, but not finding him there (Parkhurst had left Cleeve for the
continent soon after Edward’s death) Jewel returned to Oxford in a
distressed state. Apparently hoping that they would be forwarded to
him, Jewel wrote Parkhurst two letters, dated October of 1553.^132 The
letters sound a clear note of despair, as Jewel was quite worried about his
former mentor: ‘O my Parkhurst, my Parkhurst, what may I think you
are now doing? that you are dead, or alive? that you are weeping (fletu),
or in the Fleet prison.’^133 But by the time that Jewel wrote the third letter,
24 January 1554, he wrote knowing where Parkhurst was, and with
JEWEL TILL 1558 37
(^129) ‘Quod Pet. Martyre diligenter audivisset, quod Dei sermonem relgiose et recte
secuisset, quod Christi sacris, non Papae ceremoniis initiatus fuisset.’ Humphrey, Vita
Iuelli, p. 74.
(^130) Humphrey, Vita Iuelli, p. 77.
(^131) ‘There was brought me yesterday from Scotland a letter from Pamphilius {Jewel uses
this pseudonym drawn from Terence’s Girl from Andros, Crito is the Earl of Arran, also
from Terence’s Girl from Andros}, the presiding angel and companion of our friend Crito,
respecting the whole state of affairs in that kingdom ... all which he entrusted me to
communicate to you.’ Letter to Martyr, 1 December 1559. Jewel, Works, IV, p. 1227. See
alsoWorks, IV, Letters1 August 1559, p. 1215; 16 November 1559, pp. 1225–26; 1
December 1559, pp. 1227–28; 4 February 1560, pp. 1229–30; 5 March 1560, pp.
1231–32; 1 June 1559, pp. 1236–38; 17 July 1560, pp. 1239–40.
(^132) Jewel,Works, pp. 1190–91.
(^133) Letter to Parkhurst, 15 October 1559, Works, IV, p. 1190.