Before and After Muhammad The First Millennium Refocused

SPACE: AN EASTWARD SHIFT | 109

Persian

Gulf

C a s p i a n S e a

Tigr

is

Eup

hra

tes

Z a g r o s M t s

Ca

uc

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us

(^) M
ts
AKKAD
MESOPOTAMIA
IRAQ
ALBANIA
SHIRAK
IBERIA-
GEORGIA
ARMENIA
KURDISTAN
E
IRAN
F
A
R
S
Babylon
Nippur
Ctesiphon
Baghdad
Charax
Hamadhān
Persepolis
Rayy
Ani
Mari
Dura Europos
Nisibis
Mosul
Pumbedita
Ubulla
Ur
Uruk
Kūfa
Lagash
Basra
Isfahān
Sāmarrā͗
Karbalā͗
Sūra͗
0 200 mi
0 200 km