Before and After Muhammad The First Millennium Refocused

A NEW PERIODIZATION | 63

MANICHEISM ISLAM R O M A N L AW MAZDAISM

533 Institutes, Digest.

PROPHETIC
c. 610 Beginning of
Muhammad’s pro-
phetic career.
622 Muhammad’s
flight from Mecca;
start of hijra era.
632 Death of
Muhammad.

c. 635–37 Sasanians de-
feated by Arabs at
Qādisīya.

SCRIPTURAL
after 650 Arrival of
first Manicheans in
China.

c. 650 CaliphʿUthmān’s

edition of Qurʾān.

685–705 Caliph ʿAbd
al-Malik.
694–714 Hajjāj, gover-
nor of Iraq, refines
ʿUthmanic text of
Qurʾān.
741 Leo III’s Ecloga.