- identification of the thing and the giver, the thing being the
antecedent (2) - identification of the recipient and the thing, the recipient being
the antecedent (4) - identification of the thing and the recipient, the thing being the
antecedent (5).
In addition, there is linguistic evidence that cases 2 and 5, having
the thing as antecedent, can also appear in a reduced fashion
(3 and 6 in Table 4.1). This leads to six categories. Let usfirst arrange
them as a table; then the contents of the table can be explained
in detail.
To understand this table, one can start with cases 1 and 2. Newman’s
study shows that two quite different reflexive constructions can be
built around reflexive‘give’. Case 1 is often assumed in philosophy
and religion; this case depicts the self-giving of a person. Case 2
depicts a manifestation event. In English, it is normally expressed in
the phrase‘present itself’, whereas in many European languages it
is expressed by the reflexive‘give’(e.g.si se da el casoin Spanish).
For Newman, case 2 represents reflexive‘give’that can be understood
asfigurative manifestation, whereas case 1 belongs to the so-called
miscellaneous extensions, in which people give people. In this
Table 4.1.Identifications of giving
1 – 3 Giver–Thing
Identif. (reflexive gifts)
Giver
subjectThing
objectRecip.
object4 – 6 Thing–Recipient
Identif. (recognitions?)1 Giver–Anteced. 1giver 1giver 1recip. 4 Recipient–Anteced.
Jesus gives himself He gives us to ourselves
se donner au jeu 4giver 4recip. 4recip. das Sich-Empfangen
higher power receiving oneself
2 Thing–Anteced. 2thing 2thing 2recip. 5 Thing–Anteced.
presents itself sich erhalten
es wird sich schon geben 5giver 5thing 5thing receiving itself
si se da il caso recognize a baptism
presentative
construction
limited giver, thing as
recip.
3 Reduced Thing–
Anteced.
(3thing) 3thing 3recip. 6 Reduced Thing–
Anteced.
es gibt give warmth
no giver, universal recip. 6giver 6thing (6thing) give respect
Anerkennung geben
no recip., universal giver
Recognition in Religion 227