EXAMINING YOUR ASSUMPTIONS / 25Examining your assumptions
X and Y assumptions
X-STYLE MANAGERS Y-STYLE MANAGERSroles, such as participative management
and joint goal setting. These approaches
allow employees to exercise some
self-direction and self-control in
their work lives.
In Y-style management, although
individuals and groups are still
accountable for their activities, the role
of the manager is not to exert controlbut to provide support and advice
and to make sure that workers have
the resources they need to perform
their jobs effectively. By contrast,
X-style managers consider their
role to be to monitor workers to
ensure that they contribute to the
production process and do not
threaten product quality.>>Employees inherently^
dislike work and will
attempt to avoid it.>>^ Employees must be coerced,
controlled, or threatened with
punishment to achieve goals.>>Employees will shirk^
responsibility and seek
formal direction.>> Most workers place security
above all other factors
associated with work and
will display little ambition.>>Employees can enjoy work and^
can view it as being as natural
to them as rest or play.>>^ People will exercise self-
direction and self-control if
they are committed to the
objectives behind tasks.>>The average person can^
learn to accept and seek
responsibility.>> Most workers place job
satisfaction and career
fulfillment high on their
list of priorities.US_024-025_Examining_Your_Assumptions.indd 25 30/05/16 3:00 pm