The Washington Post - 16.11.2019

saturday, november 16 , 2019. the washington post eZ re a

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$$5 57711 $$1 1118899

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New Car Loan Natl

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    BRAZIL IBOVESPA INDEX 106556.90 -2.
    S&P/TSX COMPOSITE INDEX 17028.47 0.
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Health Care Providers 44 .. 00

Life Sciences 44 .. 00

Health Care Eqp & Suppl 33 .. 44

Aerospace & Defense 33 .. 00

Communications Equipment -- 66 .. 44

Auto Components -- 44 .. 44

Automobiles -- 33 .. 11

Internet & Catalog Retail -- 22 .. 55

Energy Equipment & Svcs -- 22 .. 22

$1000 invested over 1 Month

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S&P/ASX 200 INDEX 6793.72 1.

CSI 300 INDEX 3877.09 -2.

HANG SENG INDEX 26326.66 -4.

NIKKEI 225 23303.32 -0.

INTERNATIONALSTOCKMARKETS

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CCoommppaannyy CClloossee

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Covetrus Inc 14.93 46.

DXC Technology Co 37.23 23.

Uniti Group Inc 7.20 18.

Digi International 17.36 16.

LogMeIn Inc 81.01 15.

Tivity Health Inc 21.32 15.

Amer Public Edu 26.52 13.

JC Penney Co Inc 1.17 13.

Arrowhead Pharma47.44 12.

Titan International3.11 12.

Rockwell Automation 200.27 12.

Energizer Inc 48.81 12.

Chico's FAS Inc 4.15 12.

ProPetro Holding 8.39 12.

KEMET Corp 26.23 11.

Comty Health Systems 3.14 11.

Applied Materials 62.06 10.

Dillard's Inc 76.87 10.

GrubHub Inc 39.79 9.

MarketAxess Inc 381.06 9.

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Diplomat Pharmacy 3.81 -38.

McDermott Intl 0.68 -29.

TimkenSteel Corp 5.51 -25.

Acorda Therapeutics 1.81 -22.

Chesapeake Energy 0.70 -22.

Ebix Inc 34.50 -19.

KLX Energy Services 7.93 -18.

Ring Energy Inc 1.94 -18.

Cooper-Standard Inc 31.55 -17.

II-VI Inc 29.44 -17.

Edgwll Prsnl Care Co 30.70 -17.

TETRA Technologies 1.27 -17.

Unit Corp 0.87 -16.

SunCoke Energy Inc 5.01 -16.

New Media Invst Grp 6.36 -15.

Adient PLC 20.72 -15.

US Silica Inc 4.80 -14.

Century Aluminum Co 7.12 -14.

Delphi Technologies 11.72 -13.

Briggs & Stratton 6.52 -13.

Brazil R$

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FFuuttuurreess CClloossee 55 DD%%CChhgg
Copper 2.65 -1.
Crude Oil 57.72 0.
Gold 1468.50 0.
Natural Gas 2.69 -3.
Orange Juice 1.01 0.

FFuuttuurreess CClloossee 55 DD%%CChhgg

Silver 16.95 0.

Sugar 12.73 1.

Soybean 9.18 -1.

Wheat 5.06 -0.

Corn 3.81 0.

DDoowwJJoonneess 3300 IInndduussttrriiaallss

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CChhgg%%
33 MM
3M Co 171.88 -0.7 9.
AmerExpCo 120.76 -0.6 -1.
Apple Inc 265.76 2.2 31.
Boeing 371.68 5.9 13.
Caterpillr 145.31 -1.9 26.
Chevron 120.64 -0.2 3.
Cisco Sys 45.09 -7.7 -2.
Coca-Cola 52.67 0.9 -2.
Dow Inc 54.86 -2.0 26.
ExxonMobil 69.19 -2.2 2.
Gldman Schs 220.25 -1.2 12.
Home Depot 237.29 1.9 17.
IBM 134.40 -2.3 1.
Intel Corp 57.96 -0.5 26.
J&J 134.94 1.5 3.

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JPMorgan 129.53 -0.7 23.

McDonald's 193.97 0.2 -11.

Merck & Co 84.90 1.6 1.

Microsoft 149.97 2.7 12.

NIKE Inc 93.04 3.6 17.

Pfizer Inc 37.28 0.6 8.

Prcter& Gmbl 120.54 0.7 2.

Travelers Cos I 133.57 0.2 -8.

UnitedTech 149.36 0.3 20.

UntdHlthGr 269.40 4.8 10.

Verzn Comm 59.51 0.3 5.

Visa Inc 179.77 0.4 2.

Walgreens 62.14 4.9 26.

Walmart 118.87 -0.5 5.

Walt Disney 144.67 4.9 8.

EEuurrooppee --2 25 5..66%% ++2 25 5..66%%

STXE 600 (EUR) Pr 406.04 0.

CAC 40 INDEX 5939.27 0.

DAX INDEX 13241.75 0.

FTSE 100 INDEX 7302.94 -0.

BY DOUGLAS MACMILLAN

AND GREG BENSINGER

Two days before Google was set
to publicly post more than
100,000 images of human chest
X-rays, the tech giant got a call
from the National Institutes of
Health, which had provided the
images: Some of them still con-
tained details that could be used
to identify the patients, a poten-
tial privacy and legal v iolation.
Google abruptly canceled its
project with NIH, according to
emails reviewed by The Washing-
ton Post and an interview with a
person familiar with the matter
who spoke on the condition of
anonymity. But the 2017 incident,
which has never been reported,
highlights the potential pitfalls of
the tech giant’s incursions into
the world of sensitive health data.
Over the course of planning the
X-ray project, Google’s research-
ers didn’t obtain any legal agree-
ments covering the privacy of pa-
tient information, the person
said, adding that the company
rushed toward a public an-
nouncement without properly
vetting the data for privacy con-
cerns. The person spoke anony-
mously because they were not au-
thorized t o publicly discuss a con-
fidential matter. The emails about
Google’s NIH project were part of
records obtained from a Freedom
of Information Act request.
Google’s ability to uphold data
privacy is under scrutiny as it
increasingly involves itself in peo-
ple’s medical lives. The company
this week said it has partnered
with health-care provider Ascen-
sion to collect and store personal
data for millions of patients, in-
cluding full names, birth dates
and clinical histories, in order to
make smarter recommendations
to physicians. But the project has
raised privacy concerns in part
because it wasn’t immediately
clear whether patients had con-
sented to have their files trans-
ferred from Ascension servers or
what Google’s i ntentions were.
Both the NIH partnership and
the Ascension pact were meant in
part to showcase Google’s cloud
storage capabilities. Google has
said that both projects complied
with federal privacy laws and that
no rules were broken.
“We take great care to protect
patient data and ensure that per-
sonal information remains pri-
vate and secure,” Google spokes-
man Michael Moeschler said in
regard to the NIH project. “Out of
an abundance of caution, and in
the interest of protecting personal
privacy, we elected to not host the
NIH data set. We d eleted all imag-
es from our internal systems and
did not pursue further work with
NIH.”

In a statement, NIH spokes-

man Justin Cohen said Google

was one of several cloud providers

the federal agency considered for

hosting the X-ray scans. All the

images were screened by NIH

staffers, who removed personal

data before posting them publicly,

he said.

Google declined to comment

about the Ascension partnership.

Ascension spokesman Nick

Ragone declined to comment. De-

tails of the partnership were re-

ported this week by the Wall

Street Journal.

The Department of Health and

Human Services said this week

that it was looking into whether

Google’s “mass collection of indi-

viduals’ health records,” t hrough

its Ascension partnership, may

violate the Health Insurance Por-

tability and Accountability Act

(HIPAA), the federal law that pro-

tects the privacy of some types of

medical records.

Google’s missteps in health

care loom over its sprawling am-

bitions in the field. It and other

units of parent company Alphabet

have established a research lab

devoted to expanding human lon-

gevity and attempted to develop

contact lenses that sense glucose

levels. The company last year

hired David Feinberg, a veteran of

the Geisinger hospital chain, and

this month announced a deal to

acquire personal-fitness tracker

Fitbit. Google said the deal is

meant to feed its hardware ambi-

tions and is not a play for more

data.

The $2.1 billion Fitbit deal is

stoking antitrust and privacy con-

cerns while it awaits regulatory

approval. “Why should Google be

permitted to acquire even more

companies while they’re under

DOJ antitrust investigation?”

Sen. Josh Hawley (R-Mo.) tweeted

soon after the deal was an-

nounced. Rep. David N. Cicilline

(D-R.I.), chairman of a House pan-

el on antitrust issues, called for

“an immediate and thorough in-

vestigation” of the acquisition.

Te ch giants, facing growing

scrutiny of their privacy policies

by regulators and consumer advo-

cates, face higher stakes when it

comes to health data, an area

where exposing someone’s p rivate

information can result in their

losing insurance or being stigma-

tized for having a disease.

Two years ago, Fei-Fei Li, then

the chief scientist of Google’s

cloud-computing division, h elped

to oversee the chest X-ray project

in partnership with the NIH Clini-

cal Center. The government-fund-

ed research hospital, based in

Bethesda, Md., runs clinical re-

search studies in which patients

participate. The center had

112,000 chest X-ray images taken

from more than 30,000 patients,

many of whom had lung disease,

according to the emails that were

part of the records request.

Google planned to use its cloud

service to publicly host the imag-

es, according to the person and

the records. Li wanted to show-

case how Google’s tool for teach-

ing machines to learn, called Te n-

sorFlow, could be used to solve

some of the most complex prob-

lems in medicine, the person said.

Te nsorFlow could train comput-

ers to understand which images

contained the markings of differ-

ent diseases. Google would also

make the raw X-ray data available

to outside AI researchers via its

cloud.

In the summer of 2017, NIH

shared the images with Google’s

employees. The emails show that

they worked together to scrub the

records of personal patient data.

Google was working toward a

deadline of July 21, when the com-

pany hoped to announce the proj-

ect and release the data set to the

public at an artificial-intelligence

conference in Honolulu, the

emails show. Google’s communi-

cations team drafted a blog post

explaining the effort and sched-

uled an interview with a CNBC

reporter.

Li, who left h er role at G oogle in

2018 and became co-director of

Stanford’s new Institute for Hu-

man-Centered Artificial Intelli-

gence this year, declined to com-

ment.

On July 19, NIH contacted

Google to alert the company that

its researchers had found that

dozens of images still included

personally identifying informa-

tion, including the dates the X-

rays were taken and distinctive

jewelry that patients were wear-

ing at t he time, the emails s how.

Google’s lawyers began raising

concerns that possessing and re-

viewing sensitive health data

could create liabilities for the

company, said the person familiar

with the effort. Those lawyers

shared their concerns with a

Google engineer, who sent an

email to NIH staff members ask-

ing whether the data was protect-

ed under HIPAA, the federal law

governing such information.

Google deleted all of the X-ray

images from its servers because of

the privacy concerns and told

NIH it would no longer move

forward with the project, accord-

ing to the emails.

NIH has broad authority to

share medical data with outside

“consultants” for the purpose of

research, as specified in the waiv-

ers the hospital collects from pa-

tients. But whether Google would

be considered a consultant under

the policy is unclear.

Google is not alone in pursuing

health-care data and profits. Ap-

ple collects sleep and heart rate

data from its smartwatches and is

part of a gynecological study with

NIH with an eye toward improv-

ing fertility and disease screening.

Amazon last year bought pre-

scription drug delivery service

PillPack for nearly $1 billion. (Am-

azon chief executive Jeff Bezos

owns The Washington Post.)

Google has stumbled in its han-

dling of other sensitive health

data in recent years. This spring,

the company and the University of

Chicago’s medical school were

sued for allegedly improperly

sharing patient records because

they contained personal informa-

tion, such as doctor’s notes.

Google “followed all relevant

rules and regulations in our han-

dling of health data,” Google

Cloud spokesman Te d Ladd said.

British regulators in 2017 said

that a data-sharing agreement be-

tween Google’s DeepMind divi-

sion and the Royal Free National

Health Service Foundation Trust

violated local laws when it failed

to inform patients how their data

would be used in an artificial-in-

telligence program. A representa-

tive for DeepMind couldn’t i mme-

diately be reached for comment.

An internal “postmortem” re-

view of the NIH incident conduct-

ed by Google managers found

that, in the rush toward the

planned public announcement,

its researchers had not sufficient-

ly vetted the data or secured legal

agreements covering the privacy

of patient information, the person

said. Only in the final days before

the public launch did the team

leading the X-ray project consult

with a privacy expert, the person

said.

NIH finished scrubbing the

data and released all of the X-ray

images in September 2018, using

cloud-storage provider Box. An

NIH spokesman said no outside

company was involved in review-

ing the images it made available to

researchers.

Box spokesman Denis Roy said

NIH is one of many health-care

organizations that use its service

to manage sensitive medical data.

Google was not mentioned in

the announcement and never

publicly d isclosed its involvement

in the project.

[email protected]

[email protected]

 More at washingtonpost.com/

technology

Google almost made 100,000 X-rays public; privacy concerns halted plan

Jeff chiu/associated press

Google partnered with the National Institutes of Health in 201 7 on a machine-learning project involving thousands of chest X-rays.

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