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(^8) FILM CAMERAS
Early cameras used heavy metal
or glass plates. The roll of film,
invented in 1888, made cameras
both smaller and cheaper. The image
was captured on the film in reverse,
as a negative, which was used to
print positive copies on paper.
(^6) MACRO
This type of photography uses a
special lens to take close-up pictures
of tiny objects, such as flies. A macro
lens can only focus on a limited area
of an object. While this fly’s eyes are
in sharp focus, its body is blurred.
(^7) REPORTAGE
Photojournalists are reporters who
use pictures, rather than words, to
tell news stories. Armed with their
cameras, they visit war zones and
scenes of natural disasters, such as
floods and fires, often risking their
lives to bring back photographs
that will tell an accurate story.
(^9) LANDSCAPES
Like painting, photography is
used to record beautiful and often
dramatic scenery. Some of the best
landscape photographs are taken
either in the hour after sunrise
or before sunset. The Sun, low
in the sky, bathes the world in
a warm golden glow.
(^10) DIGITAL CAMERAS
Modern cameras contain computers,
which record images electronically
rather than on film. Photographers
with digital cameras can take as
many pictures as they want without
wasting film. Images can also be
sent easily over the Internet from
one computer to another.
In a studio, a
photographer can
control how a
shot is lit
Lights on stands
can be raised
and set at
different angles
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10
8
This “portrait” view is unusual
for landscape photography,
which gave its name to
horizontally oriented photos
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