camps 256–259
mortality rates 256–257
parole-and-exchange system 256
privateering 282–283
Proclamation of Amnesty and
Reconstruction 338
protectionism 20, 21, 22Q
Quantrill, William C. 71, 225
quartermasters 68, 69R
Radical Democracy Party 236
Radical Reconstruction 291
Radical Republicans 198, 236, 338, 342
railroad batteries 218
railroads 218–219
development 16
Great Railroad Strike 345
locomotives 54, 68 , 219 , 335
nationalization 218
Northern 54, 55, 218, 265
postwar speculation 344
repair and protection 69, 218
Southern 54, 55, 218, 265
transcontinental 333
Rainey, Joseph 341
Rappahannock River 136, 137
Reade, Samuel J. 289
Reagan, General John H. 178, 221
reconciliation 331, 335, 349
Reconstruction 217, 309, 331
African-Americans and 340–341
Northern retreat from 344–345
politics of 338–339
Reconstruction Acts 332, 339
Reconstruction Amendments 341, 342
white Southerners and 342–343
Red Cross 208, 209
Red River Campaign 191, 227, 234, 288
Redeemer movement 339
Reekie, James 245
reenactment 374–375
religious revivalism 26, 85
Republican Party 31, 36, 37, 47, 51, 198,
335, 342, 343, 344, 345, 348
black activists 341
postwar dominance 335
Radical Republicans 198, 236, 338, 342
rise of 15, 32–33, 38
Resaca, Georgia 292
Revels, Hiram Rhodes 341, 341
revolvers 251 , 252–253
Revolution, American 55, 72
Reynolds, General John 180, 180
Richmond, Virginia 67
arsenal 68
Bread Riot 200
fall of 197, 304, 304 , 315, 315 , 330 , 336
Libby Prison 256
Union offensive 83, 116, 117, 118, 119,
136, 248
Richmond National Battlefield Park 371
Ricketts, General James B. 64
rifles and muskets 114–115
cartridges 92 , 265
Colt 211
Enfield 92, 114
Henry rifle 152
Lincoln’s Henry rifle 306
repeating rifles 69, 93
rifleman’s tools 68
Sharps rifles 15, 30, 30–31
Spencer 69, 93
Springfield 92, 93 , 114
River Queen 306, 312
Roanoke Island, North Carolina 82
Roche, Thomas 245
Rock Island, Illinois 256
romantic views of warfare 64
Rosecrans, Major General William S. 143 ,
178
at Corinth 83
at Stones River 143, 146
Chickamauga Campaign 210–211
commands Army of the Cumberland
143, 143
Rosemont Plantation 358
Rothermel, Peter 180, 237
Ruffin, Edmund 35, 36
Russell, Captain Andrew 245S
Sabine Pass, Battle of 226–227
St. Louis, Missouri 70
Salem Church, Virginia 54 , 175
San Augustin Springs, New Mexico 140
Sanborn, Franklin 35
Santa Anna, Antonio López de 20 , 21
Santa Rosa Island, Florida 45
Savage’s Station, Virginia 119
Savannah, Tennessee 106
Savannah, Georgia 276, 297, 314
Sayler’s Creek, Virginia 304 , 316
scalawags 343
Schofield, General John M. 217, 300, 304
Schurz, Brigadier General Carl 175, 335
Schussele, Christian 223
scorched-earth tactics 111, 233, 265, 268,
269 , 275, 296, 297
Scott, Dred 27
Scott, General Winfield 47, 48, 59, 224
Anaconda Plan 64, 65 , 72, 100, 265
feud with Jefferson Davis 48
and Lee 124
War of 1812 65
War with Mexico 21, 58, 60, 64, 65, 66,
224
Scott, Julian 89
scouts 131, 167, 227
secession 12, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42–43
Nullification Crisis 14, 21, 22, 46
Second Bull Run see Bull Run,
Second Battle of
secret agents 130
secret societies 31
sectionalism 58, 70
Seddon, James 178
Sedgwick, General John 174, 175, 240
Selma Arsenal, Alabama 288
Semmes, Captain Raphael 282, 283, 285
Seven Days Battles 67, 80 , 81, 83, 111,
113, 117, 118–119, 125
Seven Pines, Battle of 67, 82, 117
Seward, William H. 34, 160, 309
sewing kits 84, 141
Seymour, Horatio 344
sharecroppers 331 , 335, 340, 341
Sharpe, Colonel George H. 131
Sharps rifles 30, 30–31, 149
Sharpsburg 127, 132
see also Antietam
sharpshooters 261 , 274
shaving equipment 88
Shaw, Colonel Robert Gould 167, 171
shells 128
CSS Shenandoah 283, 307, 325
Shenandoah Valley Campaign (1862) 80,
82, 110–111, 113, 130, 172
Shenandoah Valley Campaign (1864)
233, 255, 268–269, 271
Sheridan, General Philip 270–271, 270
at Cedar Creek 233 , 269, 273, 273
at Chattanooga 271
at Five Forks 271, 314–315, 314
at Perryville 143at Stones River 143, 271
at Trevilian Station 248
at Waynesboro 269
at Winchester 151
background and character 270–271
Indian Wars 271, 299
pursuit of Lee’s army 149, 271, 316
raid on Richmond 248
scorched-earth tactics 111, 233, 265,
268, 275, 296
Shenandoah Valley Campaign 111, 233,
265, 268–269, 271, 293
Sheridan’s Ride 271, 273
timeline 271
Sherman, General William T. 298–299,
298 , 299 , 312 , 334
at First Bull Run (First Manassas) 299
at Kennesaw Mountain 263
at Lookout Mountain 215
at New Hope 248
at Pickett’s Mill 248
at Shiloh 106, 290
Atlanta Campaign 149, 201, 217, 218,
232–233, 261, 265, 275, 276–277,
288, 292–293, 294
background and character 298
biography 299
captures Savannah 275, 297, 314
Carolinas Campaign 324
on Forrest 290
Indian Wars 299
March to the Sea 69, 221,
233, 265, 293, 296–297,
299, 314, 335
on Red River Campaign 288
Vicksburg Campaign 190, 276
Sherman House Museum 360
Shields, Brigadier General James 110, 111
Shiloh, Battle of 80, 81 , 82, 105,
106–109, 197, 218, 290
Hornet’s Nest 106, 108–109
Shiloh National Military Park 366–367
shot 128
Shreveport, Louisiana 288
Sibley, Brigadier General Henry H. 140,
140 , 141
Sibley tent 141
Sickles, Major General Daniel 174, 181
siege warfare 276–277
artillery 276, 277, 277
mortars 277, 277
see also Charleston; Petersburg; Vicksburg
Sigel, General Franz 172, 241, 254, 255
signaling systems 221, 221
Sims, Frederick W. 218
Slave Power 32
slaves, slavery
banning of importation of slaves 14, 17
“black dispatches” 130
black soldiers returned to 168, 193, 256,
257
church attitudes to 22, 23, 26
Compromise of 1850 12 , 14, 23, 23,
46, 48
“contraband of war” 162, 163 , 164
Crittenden Compromise 48, 70
Emancipation Proclamation 25, 39, 77,
81, 83, 133, 156, 157 , 160–161, 168,
308, 338
Fugitive Slave Act 12 , 14, 15, 23, 73,
166
insurrections 14, 26, 35
maltreatment 162 , 340
Missouri Compromise 13, 14, 20, 23,
30, 31, 70
Northern attitudes to 11 , 13, 22–23, 27,
32, 162–163
Northwest Ordinance 14
ownership numbers 22
plantation economy 17
pro-slavery legislature 30–31
runaways 15, 17, 23, 25, 161 , 162,
166, 167slave auctions 28–29, 334
slave marriages 309 , 340
slave population 17
Southern attitudes to 13, 22, 32,
334, 348
wage slavery 162–163, 164
Wilmot Proviso 14, 22
see also abolitionism; African-Americans
Slidell, John 76, 77
Slough, Colonel John 140
Smith, General Andrew J. 288
Smith, Gerrit 35
Smith, Gustavus 117
Smith, James Webster 344
Smith, General William F. 263
Smithland, Kentucky 142
Smithsonian Institution 240, 372–373
social class distinctions 198
South Carolina 21, 37, 335,
345, 365
ports 73
secession 12, 46
South Mountain, Maryland 127
South Side Railroad 275
Spanish-American War 73, 349
Spencer carbine 69
spies 130–131
Spotsylvania, Battle of 239 , 240–241,
242–243, 248, 251
Bloody Angle 241, 243, 248
Mule Shoe Salient 241, 243, 243
Spotsylvania Court House 239, 241
Stafford Heights (Fredericksburg) 137
Stand Watie, Brigadier General 325, 325
states’ rights, doctrine of 21, 47, 58, 330
Stanwix Station, Arizona 141
Stearns, George Luther 35
Stephens, Alexander Hamilton 46, 47
Stephenson, Benjamin Franklin 348
Stevens, Thaddeus 338, 338
Stones River, Battle of 81, 83, 143,
146–147, 216, 271
Stones River National Battlefield 366
CSS Stonewall Jackson 97
Stonewall Jackson House 371
Stoughton, Edwin 225
Stowe, Harriet Beecher 15, 23, 26
stretcher-bearers 204
Stringham, Rear Admiral Silas H. 74
Stuart, General Jeb 248, 250–251, 250
at Brandy Station 178, 178 , 250–251
at Chancellorsville 174, 175, 251
at First Bull Run
(First Manassas) 148, 250
at Gettysburg 182
at Harpers Ferry 250
at Second Bull Run
(Second Manassas) 250
at Spotsylvania 240, 251
background and character 250
biography 251
death of 241, 248, 251
Maryland invasion 126
ride around the Union Army 82, 118,
149, 250, 251
Sturgis, General Samuel 288
submarine warfare 280–281
Sumner, Charles 31, 31 , 32, 77, 338
Sumner, Major General Edwin 132, 132
Sumter, Fort see Fort Sumter
Sumter, Thomas 224
CSS 282, 283
supplies and supply lines 59, 68–69,
264–265, 274
surgery 204, 205
surrender
formal act of 317
general amnesty 332
Lee 125, 305 , 315, 316–319, 316
negotiations 299, 305, 306, 324
terms 85, 317, 324, 325
Sutter, John 22
swords 145 , 152 , 271INDEX