THENEWYORKER, NOVEMBER 4, 2019 47
thority—he was eager to please. Wal-
lace volunteered to oversee the personal
effects of soldiers killed in Iraq and Af-
ghanistan. It was grim work that no one
else was enthusiastic about doing, and
he was commended for it.
To relax, Wallace often turned to his
computer. Before moving, he and Amy
had been watching “The Sopranos,” and
at the garrison he began to hunt for pi-
rated episodes. Exploring the Deep Web,
he found that many members of the
armed forces had downloaded peer-to-
peer file-sharing programs, and were in-
advertently exposing files: records of
troop movements, accounts of I.E.D.
attacks, and intelligence summaries. He
helped the military identify which com-
puters were leaking.
In 2004, the Wallaces relocated to
western Illinois, where Amy worked as
an R.O.T.C. instructor. Rick stayed
home with their children (they eventu-
ally had five), and farmed, a little. He
also kept his head in his computer. He
had exploited a loophole in LimeWire
that allowed him to crawl across the
network, a solitary digital explorer. He
sent the military more tips, and began
to warn civilians about breached files,
too. A neighbor suggested that he chan-
nel his expertise into a business, but en-
trepreneurship wasn’t in his nature; he
was a volunteer. When Hurricane Ka-
trina hit Louisiana, he drove down to
assist FEMA and spent weeks helping
to sort out the wreckage.
Wallace never asked for payment from
the people he warned, and, perhaps as a
result, they were often suspicious of his
motives. To give his efforts legitimacy, he
created a Web site, seewhatyoushare.com,
where he blogged about his work. He
sent some items to Matt Drudge and
Michelle Malkin, conservative pundits
he admired, and he says that they re-
sponded gratefully. Eventually, he caught
the attention of Thomas Sydnor II, a
former Senate staffer who had sat in on
Boback’s meeting with Hatch. Sydnor
had gone on to work at the Patent and
Trademark Office, but he remained in-
terested in inadvertent file sharing, and
began checking in with Wallace, whom
he considered one of the few people who
understood the dangers.
Peer-to-peer networks were awash in
child pornography, and Wallace had been
issuing warnings on his Web site. Syd-
nor told him to stop trying to track such
images, because possessing them is a
crime, no matter what the reason. Sens-
ing that Wallace could use a more struc-
tured outlet for his work, he mentioned
him to Boback. Annoyed, Boback told
Hopkins, “He is ruining our credibility
by just being out there winging it with
these calls.” The two men
considered hiring Wallace,
merely to eliminate compe-
tition, but on reflection won-
dered whether he might also
have something productive
to add. Tiversa had only one
full-time analyst, and though
he had conventional skills—
he had worked at Micro-
soft—he lacked deep expe-
rience with peer-to-peer
networks. Boback flew Wallace in for an
interview, and was struck by his offbeat
manner, but he reasoned that this was
common in cybersecurity. Two weeks be-
fore the congressional hearing, Wallace
moved his family to Pennsylvania and
started work, racing to dig up material
that Boback could use in his testimony.T
iversa’s office culture, Wallace
quickly discovered, was anything
but formal. Early on, Boback had in-
stituted a rule: new hires were bestowed
a sword representing their character.
Tiversa’s chief technology officer was
given a samurai’s katana. Another em-
ployee got Gandalf ’s sword, from “The
Lord of the Rings.” Boback planned
outings to a shooting range and some-
times came in with a pistol. Once, he
displayed his gun to an executive who
had challenged him. As the executive
later recalled, Boback “sat at a desk in
front of me and reached into his sock
holster and pulled out a revolver and
showed me its features.”
Wallace quickly adapted to the un-
constrained atmosphere. Hired as an an-
alyst, he helped comb the Data Store
for client information, but he also com-
mandeered an independent DSL line to
run manual searches in his old way. He
was often able to find files that EagleVi-
sion X1 could not, and the company’s
software developers began studying his
methods to improve the system’s code.
Soon after the congressional hear-
ing, Wallace made a discovery that cap-
tivated Boback’s imagination: someonewas sharing suspicious financial docu-
ments, along with images of gold bars
and passports. The I.P. address belonged
to a lawyer in California, who was tout-
ing investments that could return forty
per cent a week. Boback, who suspected
that the investments were a fraud, had
the files printed; then he and Wallace,
like detectives, spread the
pages out on a table to
study them. They spent
weeks on the project, hop-
ing to somehow earn
money from the discovery.
Ultimately, there was no
way to gain from it, but for
Wallace the episode demon-
strated the value of his
idiosyncratic skills. For Bo-
back, the puzzle was thrill-
ing. He was an avid gambler. Often, he
would stride past Wallace’s desk and
summon him to leave, saying, “Waldo,
you’re with me.” Wallace typically didn’t
know where they were headed, but often
the destination involved bets. An em-
ployee who worked closely with Boback
later told the F.B.I. that she thought he
was a gambling addict. (Boback denies
this.)
A strange intimacy grew between
the two men. There were flurries of texts
at all hours, games of Halo past midnight.
To others, they seemed to inhabit an
atmosphere of semi-continuous schem-
ing. The office had a window overlook-
ing a parking lot near a Red Roof Inn.
Wallace noticed a woman who often
turned up to wait for a man—another
puzzle that became the topic of specu-
lation, jokes, even a mock stakeout.
At times, Boback had conflicts with
peers. As a former Tiversa employee told
me, “The Bob that he presents to peo-
ple he just meets—that Bob is very
charming, very likable, very engaging.
Then, there is the person behind the
mask, who is a little bit paranoid, angry,
untrustworthy, greedy, generally not a
nice person. If you got on his bad side,
you stayed on his bad side.” Wallace
began supporting Boback in conflicts.
After an employee argued with him, col-
leagues say, Wallace designed a simu-
lated F.B.I. arrest report, indicating that
he had groped someone on a flight, and
circulated it within the company. (Wal-
lace denies this.) “Rick became Bob’s
puppet,” another former employee told