index • 241130, 131–133; Plano de la Ciudad de México,
88, 88 , 89, 109; Plano Parcial de la Ciudad
de México, 77, 78 , 79 , 196; population of, 18;
post-Conquest reestablishment of, 73, 99; and
processions, 94–96, 169–171, 173, 175–178, 176 ;
reallocation of lands within, 81; rebuilding of,
24, 80, 99; and representations of space, 11,
13, 15; sixteenth-century built environment
of, 15, 17; as Spanish ciudad, 104; Spanish
narratives of, 24; Spanish occupation of, 17,
72–73, 76; Spanish population of, 76–77,
86; Spanish residents of, 94, 95–97, 98, 99,
112, 113, 116, 117, 127, 211; spatial continuities
between pre- and Post-Conquest periods,
15, 17, 18, 73, 125–126, 212; street sign, 14, 14 ,
96; temporal continuity of, 10, 13; traza of,
72, 73, 73 , 77, 93, 94, 128. See also Mexico-
Tenochtitlan (indigenous ring city); Plaza
Mayor, Mexico City
Mexico-Tenochtitlan (indigenous ring city):
canals of, 24, 80, 116–117, 177; Caso’s
Map of Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco, 17,
136–137, 136 , 138, 221n17; in Codex Osuna,
124 , 125, 165, 178; elites versus commoners
in, 168, 185–187; Franciscan development
of, 116–119; genealogy of rulers, 83, 84 , 99,
156, 191; Huanitzin’s spatial project for, 104;
indigenous government of, 15, 18, 73, 77,
82–84, 86, 98, 99, 100–102, 108, 133, 137, 156,
167, 168, 177–178, 188, 190–191, 194, 199, 200–
207, 208, 210; indigenous rulers of, 18, 24, 101,
102, 103–107, 111, 116, 137, 156, 163, 166–167,
169, 180–185, 189; and indigenous scribal
production, 111; layers of indigenous residency
in, 137, 137 ; lived spaces of, 18, 24, 99–100, 116;
markets of, 80–81; monumental architecture
of, 108; name of, 105; off-island properties
of, 135, 221n14; parcialidades of, 18, 72, 99, 110,
118, 125–126, 136–137, 140, 149, 151–154, 156,
159, 165, 166, 168, 174, 175, 177, 179, 187, 188;
placement of sacred architecture, 18; place-
names of, 18, 24, 97, 125, 127, 133, 135–140,
151; political jurisdiction of, 104, 118; as pre-
Hispanic altepetl, 24, 99, 104; and processions,
169–170; in quincunx form, 125, 165, 178;
Rome as Franciscan model for, 107, 113, 114,
116, 122–127, 209; sacred centers of, 102; as San
Juan Tenochtitlan, 127; spatial continuities
of, 15, 16 , 17, 18, 125–126, 212; tlaxilacalli of,
17, 135–138, 136 ; tlaxilacalli place-names, 140,
141–149, 149, 151–156; urban geography of,
- See also Tianguis of Mexico
Mexitli (deity), 128
Miller, Mary Ellen, 48
mitotes (ritual dances): and Cipactzin, 188;
costumes of, 182, 183, 184, 185–186, 187, 189,
224n76, 224n77; and elites versus commoners
in Mexico-Tenochtitlan, 185–187; and
indigenous political power, 167, 208; and lived
spaces, 59; and Oath of Allegiance of 1557,
183–185; origin of word, 183, 224n65; periodic
banning of, 186, 224n80; tradition of, 177,
183–185
Mixtón war, 156, 194
Mocel, Juana, 226n74
Moctezoma, Isabel (daughter of Isabel
Moctezoma and Juan Cano), 97
Moctezoma, Isabel (daughter of Moteuczoma II
and wife of Juan Cano), 97, 192 , 193
Moctezoma Tlacahuepantli, Pedro, 102, 110, 111,
164, 192 , 193, 217n23, 219n9
Molina, Alonso de, 27, 215n2, 224n50, 224n65
Montúfar, Alonso de, 164, 178–180, 182
More, Thomas, 198
Moreno de los Arcos, Roberto, 125, 221n42
Motelchiuhtzin, Andrés de Tapia (r. 1526–1530):
and assassination of Nezahualtecolotzin,
219n8; and Cortés, 217n36; descendants of,
102, 110, 126, 223n43; as gobernador, 77, 110; in
Humboldt Fragment II, 82 , 83; and marriage,
222n54
Moteuczoma, Isabel de Alvarado (wife of
Antonio Valeriano), 84 , 191
Moteuczoma Ilhuicamina (Moteuczoma I)
(r. 1440–1468): agency of, 60; and aquatic
infrastructure, 38, 61–62; and gifting, 159;
military campaigns in Chalco region, 35;
and mitotes, 187; monuments of, 52, 53, 60;
performances of, 53; in Plano Parcial de la
Ciudad de México, 77, 79 ; portrait carved on
Chapultepec hill, 62, 62 , 70, 80; Tlacaelel as
cihuacoatl of, 80; and tribute goods, 55
Moteuczoma Xocoyotzin (Moteuczoma II) (r.
1502–1520): and aquatic infrastructure, 196;
architectural works of, 58; assassination of,
167; asymmetrical gifting of, 106; aviary of,
23, 105–106, 116, 220n36; in Codex Cozcatzin,
192 , 193, 225n11; in Codex Mendoza, 5, 6 ,
7, 8, 111; conquests of, 5, 70; coronation of,
59; and Cortés, 21, 45, 53, 77, 106; costumes
of, 70–71, 83, 111–112, 183; death of, 7, 8, 9,
72, 210; descendants of, 83, 97, 100, 102, 191;
descriptions of, 53; encomiendas assigned to
children of, 81, 102; flow of water connected
with figure of ruler, 24; gardens of, 127;
headdress of, 20–21, 53; in Humboldt
Fragment II, 82 , 83, 159; icon in metro map,
20, 20 , 21, 23; and Motelchiuhtzin, 217n36;
name glyph of, 138, 193, 216n71; palace in
Codex Mendoza, 111–112, 112 , 164, 165; palaces
of, 21, 23, 69–70, 76; Palacio Nacional built on
foundations of palace, 69; performances of,
53; in Plano Parcial de la Ciudad de México,
7 7, 79 ; portrait carved on Chapultepec
hill, 23, 64, 70–71, 70 , 216n71; procession
on Ixtapalapa causeway to greet Spanish
conquistadores, 58, 71, 72; as referent, 151; rule
of, 52; and sacred bundle of Huitzilopochtli,66; and Teocalli of Sacred Warfare, 45–49,
46 , 47 , 69; Juan Velázquez Tlacotzin as
cihuacoatl under, 80; and urban complexes, 58;
urban features constructed by, 21, 23
Motlatocazoma, Martín, 219n9
Motolinia (Toribio de Benavente), 73, 126, 171,
183, 220n37, 223n20
Moyotlan: as altepetl, 18, 57, 58, 73, 110, 128;
festivals of, 126–127; market of, 73, 75, 110;
and place-names, 130; Temple of Xipe Totec
at Yopico, 71, 125, 126; and Juan Velázquez
Tlacotzin, 81, 110, 217n23. See also San Juan
Moyotlan
Mullen, Robert, 9
Muñoz Camargo, Diego, 97Nahuas: and agency, 60–61; clothing of, 185;
confraternities, 18; family ties of elites, 107;
origin histories of, 45; and quadripartite
scheme, 5
Nahuatl language: and alphabetic writing,
138–139, 152–153; and Codex Aubin, 8;
etymology of “Mexico” in, 128; and feast day
psalms, 96; in Florentine Codex, 29, 105;
Franciscans’ knowledge of, 126; Franciscans
setting in Latin alphabet, 103; Gante’s fluency
in, 118, 119; goods in Tianguis of Mexico
expressed in, 90, 91–92, 93, 206, 207; meaning
of Tenochtitlan in, 1–2, 27; as metaphoric
language, 28; and Oath of Allegiance of 1557,
182; period texts of, 13; and place-names of
Mexico City, 73, 97, 130; and place-names of
Mexico-Tenochtitlan, 97, 136, 137, 138–140, 151;
and Valadés, 119. See also pictography
Nahuatl speakers: cosmovision of, 28–29; and
directions, 179, 224n50; on divine election
of rulers, 83; intensive agriculture of, 35,
77; and lived spaces, 18; as nomads settling
in Chapultepec, 23; opposition in literary
tradition, 27; and place-names, 140, 149, 151–
156; Spanish knowledge of, 126; in tianguises,
93; in Valley of Mexico, 26
Nahuatl-speaking women, representations of, 13
Naples, Italy, sixteenth-century population of, 1
National Autonomous University (UNAM), 20
Navarrete, Frederico, 10
New Fire celebration, 71
New Spain: architectural history of viceregal
period, 9; emergent bilingual empire, 153;
governance of, 83; Huanitzin’s conception of,
107; Mendoza as viceroy of, 101; Mexico City
as home of viceroy of, 2, 20, 95, 104, 105, 113;
Mexico City as viceregal capital of, 20, 104,
105, 118, 210, 211; naming of, 82, 97, 98, 102;
processions in, 94–95; referents of place-
names in, 130; and representation of space
aligned with Israel, 96
Nezahualcoyotl (ruler of Tetzcoco): and aquatic
infrastructure, 37–38, 40, 41, 41 , 62, 75;