Jim_Krane]_Energy_Kingdoms__Oil_and_Political_Sur

INTRODUCTION

1. Some of the material in this book appeared in previous publications by the author.
   Among them: Jim Krane, “Reversing the Trend in Domestic Energy Consumption
   in the GCC: Consequences of Success and Failure,” Abdullah bin Hamad al- Attiyah
   Foundation for Energy and Sustainable Development (Doha), November 2015, http: //
   bakerinstitute .org /research /reversing - trend - domestic - energy - consumption - gcc /;
   Jim Krane, “Guzzling in the Gulf: The Monarchies Face a Threat from Within,” Foreign
   Affairs, D e c e m b e r 1 9 , 2 0 1 4 , h t t p : / / w w w. f o r e i g n a ff a i r s. c o m / a r t i c l e s / 1 4 2 6 9 2 / j i m - k r a n e
   /guzzling - in - the - gulf; Jim Krane, “Stability Versus Sustainability: Energy Policy in
   the Gulf Monarchies,” PhD diss., University of Cambridge, 2014, http: //dx .doi .org
   /10 .17863 /CAM .5943; Jim Krane, “Stability Versus Sustainability: Energy Policy in
   the Gulf Monarchies,” Energy Journal 36, no.  4 (2015), http: //dx .doi .org /10 .5547
   / 0 1 9 5 6 5 7 4. 3 6. 4. j k r a.


2. Brad Bourland and Paul Gamble, “Saudi Arabia’s Coming Oil and Fiscal Challenge,”
   research report, Jadwa Investment (Riyadh), 2011, 20.


3. EDGAR, “Fossil CO 2 & GHG Emissions of All World Countries, 2017,” Emissions
   Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EU), 2017, http: //edgar .jrc .ec .europa .eu
   / o v e r v i e w. p h p? v=CO2andGHG1970- 2016.
   
   
   1. BEFORE OIL
   
   
   
   


4. Arnold Toynbee, “An Historical Outline to 1970,” in The Middle East, Handbooks to
   the Modern World (New York: Facts on File, 1988), 224.


5. The first Portuguese interaction with a Gulf population came during the voyage of
   Pero de Covilha in the late fifteenth century; the first settlement dates to 1507. See

Notes