1761. BEFORE OIL
Without Taxation? Rents, Development, and Democracy,” Comparative Politics 37,
no. 3 (2005): 297– 315; Stephen Haber and Victor Menaldo, “Do Natural Resources Fuel
Authoritarianism? A Reappraisal of the Resource Curse,” American Political Science
Review 105, no. 1 (February 2011): 1– 26.
- THE OIL AGE ARRIVES
- Wilfred Thesiger, Arabian Sands (Dubai: Motivate, 1994), 88– 89.
- Abdelrahman Munif, Cities of Salt (New York: Vintage, 1989), 67– 68.
- Munif, Cities of Salt, 85– 87.
- “Seven Wells of Dammam,” Aramco World 14, no. 1 (January 1963): 18– 21, http: //
a r c h i v e. a r a m c o w o r l d. c o m / i s s u e / 1 9 6 3 0 1 / s e v e n. w e l l s. o f. d a m m a m. h t m.
- The initial disappointing wells probed the Cretaceous zones that had proven fruit-
ful in Bahrain. Well No. 7 aimed to penetrate a lower formation, the late Upper
Jurassic zone. See R. W. Powers, L. F. Ramirez, C. D. Redmond, and E. L. Elberg Jr.,
“Geology of the Arabian Peninsula: Sedimentary Geology of Saudi Arabia,” US
G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y P r o f e s s i o n a l P a p e r 5 6 0 - D , 1 9 6 6 , h t t p s : / / p u b s. u s g s. g o v / p p / 0 5 6 0 d
/report .pdf.
- Ray Vicker, The Kingdom of Oil (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1974), 70.
- “Seven Wells of Dammam.”
- Kuwait’s National Assembly was not established until 1963 nor Bahrain’s until 1973.
- Eric Roach, “Saudi Arabia and Oil: What You Need to Know,” Drillinginfo DI Blog,
M a r c h 1 2 , 2 0 1 5 , h t t p : / / i n f o. d r i l l i n g i n f o. c o m / s a u d i - a r a b i a - o i l - n e e d - k n o w.
- Vicker, The Kingdom of Oil, 72.
- Roach, “Saudi Arabia and Oil”; BP, Statistical Review of World Energy 2016 (London:
BP, 2016).
- “Seven Wells of Dammam.”
- “Giant of the Sea,” Aramco World 13, no. 10 (December 1962): 3– 6, http: //archive
. a r a m c o w o r l d. c o m / i s s u e / 1 9 6 2 1 0 / g i a n t. o f. t h e. s e a. h t m.
- Thesiger, Arabian Sands, 87.
- The Bahrain Petroleum Company operated the very first refinery in the Gulf, which
opened in 1934, but its output was tiny.
- “A Billion Barrels Ago.. .” Aramco World 13, no. 5 (May 1962): 3– 6, http: //archive
. a r a m c o w o r l d. c o m / i s s u e / 1 9 6 2 0 5 / a. b i l l i o n. b a r r e l s. a g o. h t m.
- Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power, paperback ed.
(New York: Free Press, 1991), 410– 16.
- As per the Achnacarry agreement of 1928. Yergin, The Prize, 243– 50.
- Toby Craig Jones, Desert Kingdom: How Oil and Water Forged Modern Saudi Arabia
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010), 49, 92.
- Memo of conversation by Shaw, August 7, 1958, and attached memo by Duce, folder:
General Subject Middle East Developments Arab Development Institution 1958 3,
box 12, General Subject Files Relating to the Middle East, 1955– 1958, Lot 61 D 12, RG
