1907. IRAN AND DUBAI LEAD THE WAY
73– 74; Brandon J. Kinne, “Decision Making in Autocratic Regimes: A Poliheuristic
Perspective,” International Studies Perspectives 6 (2005): 114– 28.
- UAE government official, interviewed by the author on condition of anonymity,
April 8, 2012.
- UAE government official, interviewed by the author on condition of anonymity,
April 8, 2012.
- Omer Ali and Ibrahim Elbadawi, “The Political Economy of Public Sector Employ-
ment in Resource Dependent Countries,” Economic Research Forum working paper,
2 0 1 2 , h t t p : / / e r f. o r g. e g / p u b l i c a t i o n s / p o l i t i c a l - e c o n o m y - p u b l i c - s e c t o r - e m p l o y m e n t
- r e s o u r c e - d e p e n d e n t - c o u n t r i e s /.
8. SHIFTING GEARS IN SAUDI ARABIA
- Giles Tremlett, “Marbella Feels Loss of Saudi King,” Guardian, August 5, 2005, https: //
w w w. t h e g u a r d i a n. c o m / w o r l d / 2 0 0 5 / a u g / 0 6 / s a u d i a r a b i a. s p a i n.
- Electricity and Co- Generation Regulatory Authority, “2015 Annual Statistical Booklet for
Electricity and Seawater Desalination Industries,” statistical bulletin (Riyadh:
E C R A , 2 0 1 6 ) , h t t p : / / w w w. e c r a. g o v. s a / e n - u s / M e d i a C e n t e r / D o c L i b 2 / L i s t s / S u b C a t e
gory_Library /Statistical%20Booklets%202015 .pdf.
- Majid al- Moneef, author interview, Riyadh, October 17, 2012.
- Saudi energy official interviewed on condition of anonymity, October 19, 2012.
- Author interview with Abdullah M. al- Shehri, governor of Electricity and Co-
Generation Regulatory Authority of Saudi Arabia, Dhahran, October 21, 2012. ECRA
had been forced by political outcry in 1999 to retract its previous attempt to raise rates
for large residential consumers. A previous residential electricity tariff increase,
imposed amid the oil bust in 1985, was retracted after just a few months by Saudi
Arabia’s King Fahd.
- Electricity and Co- Generation Regulatory Authority, “2015 Annual Statistical Book-
let for Electricity and Seawater Desalination Industries,” 74.
- Hifa al- Zahrani, “Only a Quarter of Buildings Thermally Insulated,” Arab News,
April 30, 2013, http: //www .arabnews .com /news /449917 ?page=1; P. K. Abdul Gha-
four, “KSA Power Consumption 3 Times World Average,” Arab News, July 8, 2014,
h t t p : / / w w w. a r a b n e w s. c o m / n e w s / 5 9 8 4 8 1.
- Consumption thresholds vary by region, with higher levels of power allotted for hot
and humid areas and lower levels for cooler, drier regions.
- Electricity and Co- Generation Regulatory Authority, “2015 Annual Statistical Book-
let for Electricity and Seawater Desalination Industries.”
- Muhammad bin Nayef attended Portland State University and Lewis and Clark Col-
lege in Oregon during the 1970s and 1980s but did not earn a degree.
- “The House of Saud: A View of the Modern Saudi Dynasty,” PBS Frontline, 2005,
h t t p s : / / w w w. p b s. o r g / w g b h / p a g e s / f r o n t l i n e / s h o w s / s a u d / t r e e /.
