Endnotes A25Chapter 3
1. William Bianco and Edan Gomez, “Forget Trump’s Complaints
about Sanctuary Cities. Most Communities Are Actually
Helping Enforce Immigration Laws,” Washington Post, June
2, 2017, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/
wp/2017/06/02/forget-trumps-complaints-about-sanctuary-
cities-most-communities-are-actually-helping-enforce-
immigration-laws/?utm_term=.ae02061d4f9a (accessed
2/23/18); Alexia Fernández Campbell, “US police chiefs are
fighting the crackdown on ‘sanctuary cities’,” Vo x, August 18,
2017, http://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/8/18/16130954/
police-sanctuary-cities (accessed 5/25/18).
2. Campbell, “US police chiefs are fighting the crackdown on
‘sanctuary cities”; Liz Robbins, “‘Sanctuary City’ Mayors Vow
to Defy Trump’s Immigration Order,” New York Times, January
25, 2017, http://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/25/nyregion/outraged-
mayors-vow-to-defy-trumps-immigration-order.html; Eugene
Scott, “NYC Mayor: ‘We Will Go to Court Immediately’ If Funding
Halted over ‘Sanctuary City” Executive Order,” CNN, January 27,
2017, http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/26/politics/sanctuary-cities-bill-
de-blasio-trump-court/index.html (both accessed 2/23/18).
3. Slaughterhouse Cases, 83 U.S. 36 (1873). See Ronald M. Labbe
and Jonathan Lurie, The Slaughterhouse Cases: Regulation,
Reconstruction, and the Fourteenth Amendment (Lawrence:
University Press of Kansas, 2003).
4. Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3 (1883).- United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U.S. 1 (1895).
- Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251 (1918).
- Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935).
- Four key cases are West Coast Hotel Company v. Parrish (1937),
Wright v. Vinton Branch (1937), Virginia Railway Company v.
System Federation (1937), and National Labor Relations Board v.
Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation (1937). - Martin Grodzins, The American System (New York: Rand
McNally, 1966). - Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954); Swann v.
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U.S. 1 (1971). - Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962); Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533
(1964); Wesberry v. Sanders, 376 U.S. 1 (1964); Martha Derthick,
Keeping the Compound Republic: Essays in American Federalism
(Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2001). - Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966); Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S.
643 (1961).
1 3. Barry Rabe, “Environmental Policy and the Bush Era: The
Collision between the Administrative Presidency and State
Experimentation,” Publius 37:3 (May 2007): 413–31.
1 4. Lois Beckett, “Nullification: How States Are Making It a Felony
to Enforce Federal Gun Laws,” ProPublica, May 2, 2013, www
.propublica.org/article/nullification-how-states-are-making-
it-a-felony-to-enforce-federal-gun-laws (accessed 11/15/13).
1 5. From a review of Michael S. Greve, Real Federalism: Why It
Matters, How It Could Happen (Washington, DC: American
Enterprise Institute Press, 1999), http://www.federalismproject.org/
publications/books (accessed 10/10/07). - Gregory v. Ashcroft, 501 U.S. 452 (1991).
- City of Boerne v. Flores, 521 U.S. 507 (1997), 520.
- Kimel et al. v. Florida Board of Regents, 528 U.S. 62 (2000).
- United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995).
- United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000); Nia-
Malika Henderson, “Obama Signs a Strengthened
Violence Against Women Act,” Washington Post,
March 7, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/
obama-signs-a-strengthened-violence-against-women-
act/2013/03/07/e50d585e-8740-11e2-98a3-b3db6b9ac586_
story.html (accessed 3/21/14).- Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996).
- National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, 132 S. Ct.
2566 (2012). - National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, 132 S. Ct.
2566 (2012), p. 51.
2 4. Jonathan Turley, “It’s Not the Cannabis, It’s the Constitution,”
Los Angeles Times, August 5, 2002, Metro section, part 2, p. 11.
2 5. Hans A. von Spakovsky, “Sanctuary Cities? That’s a
Constitutional ‘Hell No,’” The Heritage Foundation, April
18, 2017, http://www.heritage.org/immigration/commentary/
sanctuary-cities-thats-constitutional-hell-no; Ilya Somin,
“Federalism, the Constitution, and Sanctuary Cities,”
Washington Post, November 26, 2016, http://www.washingtonpost.
com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2016/11/26/
federalism-the-constitution-and-sanctuary-cities/?utm_
term=.64a36265e347 (both accessed 2/25/18).
2 6. Martha Derthick, Keeping the Compound Republic: Essays on
American Federalism (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution,
2001), pp. 9–32.
Chapter 4
1. Patrick Strudwick, “Milo Yiannopoulos Calls Abuse
Victims ‘Whinging, Selfish Brats’ in a Newly Emerged
Video,” BuzzFeed, March 11, 2017, http://www.buzzfeed.com/
patrickstrudwick/milo-yiannopoulos-described-sexual-
abuse-victims-as-whinging?utm_term=.sgZNwrBGy#.
kmGkJ0eZd (accessed 4/11/18); Graeme Wood, “His Kampf:
Richard Spencer is a Troll and an Icon for White Supremacists,”
The Atlantic, June 2017, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
archive/2017/06/his-kampf/524505 (accessed 4/9/18).
2. A partial list of campuses that have protested conservative
speakers includes Middlebury College; University of
California, Berkeley; University of Florida; DePaul University;
Harvard University; Auburn University; Emory University;
and the University of Washington. For an insightful discussion
of the broader debate, see Julian E. Zelizer and Morton
Keller, “Is Free Speech Really Challenged on Campus?,”
The Atlantic, September 15, 2017, http://www.theatlantic.com/
education/archive/2017/09/students-free-speech-campus-
protest/539673/(accessed 10/24/17).
3. Eliott C. McLaughlin, “War on Campus: The Escalating Battle
over College Free Speech,” CNN, May 1, 2017, http://www.cnn.
com/2017/04/20/us/campus-free-speech-trnd/index.html
(accessed 10/24/17).
4. Meghan Keneally and Julia Jacobo, “Police: Suspect Shouted
‘Heil Hitler’ before Shooting Incident after Spencer Event,”
ABC News, October 20, 2017, http://abcnews.go.com/US/
security-ramped-white-nationalist-richard-spencers-florida-
event/story?id=50585570 (accessed 10/24/17).
5. Rebecca R. Ruiz, “Sessions Calls for ‘Recommitment’ to Free
Speech on Campus, Diving into Debate,” New York Times,
September 26, 2017, http://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/26/us/
politics/jeff-sessions-campus-free-speech-georgetown.html?_
r=0 (accessed 10/23/17).
6. Yanan Wang, “Obama to Campus Protesters: Don’t ‘Shut
Up’ Opposing Viewpoints,” Washington Post, December
22, 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/
wp/2015/12/22/obama-to-campus-protesters-dont-shut-up-
opposing-viewpoints (accessed 12/30/15).
7. “Speech on Campus,” American Civil Liberties Union, http://www.
aclu.org/other/speech-campus (accessed 10/24/17).Full_20_APT_64431_END_A23-A54.indd 25 15/11/18 2:38 PM