William_T._Bianco,_David_T._Canon]_American_Polit

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A42 Endnotes

3 7. For evidence, see Edwards, On Deaf Ears.
3 8. George C. Edwards III, Predicting the Presidency: The Potential
of Persuasive Leadership (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press, 2015).
3 9. Stephen Skowronek, Presidential Leadership in Political
Time: Reprise and Reappraisal, 2nd ed., revised and expanded
(Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2011).

Chapter 13
1. Dwight Waldo, The Administrative State: A Study of the
Political Theory of American Public Administration (1948; repr.
Piscataway, NJ: Transaction, 2006).
2. For details, see Cornelius Kerwin, Rulemaking: How
Government Agencies Write Law and Make Policy ( Washing ton,
DC: CQ Press, 1999).
3. Enterprise Risk Management Initiative, “Costs Associated
with Regulatory Risks,” December 31, 2008, http://www.mgt.ncsu.
edu/erm/index.php/articles/entry/regulatory-risk-cost/
(accessed 2/3/10).
4. Andrew Pollack, “New Sense of Caution at FDA,” New York
Times, September 29, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/29/
business/29caution.html?_r=0 (accessed 8/29/16).
5. There are two exceptions. A patient can enroll in a clinical
trial for a new drug during the approval process, but there is a
good chance that the patient will get a placebo or a previously
approved treatment rather than the drug being tested. The FDA
does allow companies to provide some experimental drugs to
patients who cannot participate in a trial, but only those drugs
that have passed early screening trials.
6. Susan Okie, “Access before Approval—a Right to Take
Experimental Drugs?,” New England Journal of Medicine 355
(2004): 437–40.
7. Stephen Skowronek, Building a New American State: The
Expansion of National Administrative Capacities, 1877–1920
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982).
8. Terry Moe, “An Assessment of the Positive Theory of
Congressional Dominance,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 4
(1987): 475– 98.
9. Leon Neyfakh, “The FCC Just Voted to Reduce the Exorbitant
Cost of Prison Phone Calls,” Slate, October 22, 2015, http://www.slate.
com/blogs/the_slatest/2015/10/22/prison_ phone_calls_the_
fcc_is_finally _making _them_cheaper.html (accessed 5/6/16).
1 0. Frances E. Rourke, “Responsiveness and Neutral Competence
in American Bureaucracy,” Public Administration Review 52
(1992): 539–46; Max Weber, Essays on Sociology (New York:
Oxford University Press, 1958).
1 1. Samuel Workman, The Dynamics of Bureaucracy in the U.S.
Government (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015).
1 2. Karen Orren and Steven Skowronek, “Regimes and Regime
Building in American Government: A Review of the Literature
on the 1940s,” Political Science Quarterly 113 (1998): 689 –702.
1 3. Michael Nelson, “A Short, Ironic History of American National
Bu reauc rac y,” Journal of Politics 4 4 (1982): 747–78.
1 4. Nelson, “A Short, Ironic History of American National
Bu reauc rac y.”
1 5. Nelson, “A Short, Ironic History of American National
Bu reauc rac y.”
1 6. John Aldrich, Why Parties? (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1995).
1 7. Nelson, “A Short, Ironic History of American National
Bu reauc rac y.”

1 8. Matthew A. Crenson, The Federal Machine: Beginnings of
Bureaucracy in Jacksonian America (Baltimore, MD: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1975).
1 9. James Q. Wilson, “The Rise of the Bureaucratic State,” in The
American Commonwealth, ed. Nathan Glazer and Irving Kristol
(New York: Basic Books, 1976).


  1. Skowronek, Building a New American State.
    2 1. Robert Harrison, Congress, Progressive Reform, and the New
    American State (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
    2 2. Lawrence C. Dodd and Richard L. Schott, Congress and the
    Administrative State (New York: Wiley, 1979).
    2 3. Ira Katznelson and Bruce Pietrykowski, “Rebuilding the
    American State: Evidence from the 1940s,” Studies in American
    Political Development 5:2 (1991): 301–39.
    2 4. David Plotke, Building a Democratic Political Order: Reshaping
    American Liberalism in the 1930s and 1940s (New York:
    Cambridge University Press, 1996).
    2 5. Theda Skocpol and Kenneth Finegold, “State Capacity and
    Economic Intervention in the Early New Deal,” Political Science
    Quarterly 97 (1999): 255–70.
    2 6. Michael Brown, “State Capacity and Political Choice:
    Interpreting the Failure of the Third New Deal,” Studies in
    American Political Development 9 (1995): 187–212.
    2 7. Ira Katznelson, Kim Geiger, and Daniel Kryder, “Limiting
    Liberalism: The Southern Veto in Congress, 1933–1950,”
    Political Science Quarterly 108 (1993): 283–306.
    2 8. Joseph Califano, “What Was Really Great about the Great
    S o ciet y,” Washington Monthly, October 1999, https://
    washingtonmonthly.com/1999/10/01/what-was-really-great-
    about-the-great-society (accessed 7/16/08).

  2. David T. Canon, Race, Redistricting, and Representation: The
    Unintended Consequences of Black Majority Districts (Chicago:
    University of Chicago Press, 1999).
    3 0. Charles Murray, Losing Ground: American Social Policy,
    1950–1980 (New York: Basic Books, 1984).
    3 1. Henry J. Aaron, Politics and the Professors: The Great Society in
    Perspective (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1978).
    3 2. Michael B. Katz, In the Shadow of the Poorhouse: A Social History
    of Welfare in America (New York: Basic Books, 1996).
    3 3. Richard P. Nathan, The Administrative Presidency (New York:
    Wiley, 1983).
    3 4. Andrew Rudalevige, “The Structure of Leadership: Presidents,
    Hierarchies, and Information Flow,” Presidential Studies
    Quarterly 35 (2005): 333–60.
    3 5. David E. Lewis, Presidents and the Policy of Agency Design (Palo
    Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003).
    3 6. Terry M. Moe, “An Assessment of the Positive Theory of
    Congressional Dominance,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 4
    (1987): 475– 98.
    3 7. William A. Niskanen, Bureaucracy and Public Economics
    (Washington, DC: Edward Elgar, 1976); Robert Whaples and
    Jac C. Heckelman, “Public Choice Economics: Where Is There
    Consensus?,” American Economist 49 (2005): 66–78.
    3 8. Alan Schick and Felix LoStracco, The Federal Budget: Politics,
    Process, Policy (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press,
    2000).
    3 9. Joel D. Aberbach, “The Political Significance of the George W.
    Bush Administration,” Social Policy and Administration 39:2
    (2005): 130–49.
    4 0. David E. Lewis, “The Politics of Agency Termination:
    Confronting the Myth of Agency Immortality,” Journal of
    Politics 64 (2002): 89 –107.


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