William_T._Bianco,_David_T._Canon]_American_Polit

A80 Glossary/Index

gross national income, and foreign aid,

640–41, 641

ground game, 317 A campaign’s efforts

to “get out the vote” or make sure its

supporters vote on Election Day.

group identity, 204–6, 206

and descriptive representation,

378–80

in population of U.S., 18, 18

Grunwald, Michael, 426

Grutter v. Bollinger, 179

Guajardo, Idelfonso, 544

Guantánamo Bay detention center, 53, 57

Guardian, 244, 245

Gun Control Act (1968), 130

Gun-Free School Zones Act (1990), 92,

93

gun laws, 93, 586

on bump stocks, 368–69

and commerce clause, 92

as congressional election issue

(2018), 335 , 336

interest groups concerned with, 342,

358, 365, 368–69

and mass shootings, 131, 368

media coverage of, 250–51, 251

party votes on, 402

as presidential election issue (2016),

314 , 332

public opinion on, 202, 202, 211, 220,

226, 227, 368–69

research limitations on, 479

and Second Amendment, 130–31

“stand your ground,” 131

state differences in, 77, 90, 130, 131

Gutiérrez, Luis, 374, 391

habeas corpus rights, 106

Hague v. CIO, 113

Hamblin, Andrew, 105

Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 53

Hamilton (musical), 4 4

Hamilton, Alexander, 35, 37, 50, 77

at Constitutional Convention, 43

Federalist Papers of, 235

on implied powers, 63

on judicial branch, 54, 490, 492, 521

Hamilton v. Regents of the University of

California, 113

Hamlin, Argersinger v., 113

Hancock, John, 39

Hannity, Sean, 248, 249

hard money, 322 Donations that are

used to help elect or defeat a specific

candidate.

hard news, 255, 257 Media coverage

focused on facts and important

issues surrounding a campaign.

Hardwick, Bowers v., 143, 181, 182

Harley-Davidson, 532

Harrison, Benjamin, 308

Harvard University affirmative action

p ol ic y, 191

Haspel, Gina, 630

Hatch, Orrin, 278, 311, 312

Hatch Act (1939), 477, 477

hate crimes, 164, 164–66, 185

hate speech, 102, 122–23 Expression that

is offensive or abusive, particularly

in terms of race, gender, or sexual

orientation. It is currently protected

under the First Amendment.

Hawaii, 56, 620

Hawaiians, Native, 18

Hayes, Rutherford B., 308

Haynsworth, Clement, 503

head of government, 424 One role of the

president, through which he or she has

authority over the executive branch.

head of state, 424 One role of the

president, through which he or she

represents the country symbolically

and politically.

Head Start, 577

Health and Human Services Depart-

ment, 470, 474 , 587

health care

Affordable Care Act on. See Afford-

able Care Act

annual spending on, 598, 598,

600, 600

best practices in, 602

bureaucracy in, 584

for children, 541, 599, 603

computerized medical records in, 602

as congressional election issue

(2018), 335 , 335–36

Great Society programs in, 578

political conflicts on, 12, 19, 610

for preexisting conditions, 601, 603

as presidential election issue (2016),

313–1 4 , 314

public opinion on, 202, 207, 2 07,

217–18, 227

as public policy priority, 225, 226, 226

racial disparities in, 162–63

social policy on, 572–74, 578, 584,

598, 598– 603, 610

state policies on, 86, 89, 93, 94, 96,

585, 599, 602

Trump on, 12, 66, 218, 572, 574, 575,

578, 603

for veterans, 413, 584

hearings, congressional, 358, 361

Hedden, Bill, 563

Heinlein, Robert A., 454

Heller, Dean, 335

Henry, Patrick, 39, 49

Hibbing, John R., 11

Hibbs, Nevada Department of Human

Resources v., 91

Hill, Anita, 502

Hispanics, 18, 502, 502. See also Latinos

Hobbes, Thomas, 6, 37

Hodges, Obergefell v., 10, 76, 182, 499

Hogan, Hulk, 127, 127

Hogan, Malloy v., 113

hold, 411 An objection to considering a

measure on the Senate floor.

Holder, Eric, 148, 150, 187

Holder, Shelby County v., 91

Hollings, Ernest, 135, 565

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 60, 118–19

Homeland Security Department, 6,

470, 474 , 553, 628

homicide rates, media coverage on, 251,

251, 252

homosexuals. See LGBTQ people

Hoover, Herbert, 576

horse race, 255 A description of the type

of election coverage that focuses

more on poll results and specula-

tion about a likely winner than on

substantive differences between the

candidates.

hostile media effect, 248 The tendency

of people to see neutral media cover-

age of an event as biased against

their point of view.

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