Letter reSeArCH
Acknowledgements We thank D. Xie and J. Zhou for discussions and Y. Hu,
X. Fan, D. Liu, Y. Yuan and Y. Cui for technical help in pilot experiments;
C. Shan from National Center for Protein Sciences at Peking University for
immunofluorescence imaging and analysis. This work was supported by
grants from the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission
(Z181100001318001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(81521002, 31625018 and 81730078) and National Basic Research
Program of China (2017YFA0102702 and 2018YFA0107601). F.Z. was
supported by Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China
Association for Science and Technology (YESS20160129), the Postdoctoral
Fellowship of Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and the grant
from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M610015 and
2017T100015). F.Z. was a Bayer Postdoc of the Bayer-Peking University
Center for Translational Research. This work was supported by the Beijing
Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics at Peking University. Part of the
computational analyses was performed on the High Performance Computing
Platform of the Center for Life Science.
Author contributions F.T. and J.Q. conceived the project. F.Z., P.Y., Y.R. and Y.M.
performed the experiments including the collection and culture of embryos,
collection of single cells and single-cell sequencing data generation with the
help of L.W., L.Y., R.L., J.L. and Y.L. R.W. performed computational analyses. F.T.,
F.Z. and R.W. wrote the manuscript with feedback from all authors.Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.Additional information
Supplementary information is available for this paper at https://doi.org/
10.1038/s41586-019-1500-0.
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.Q. or F.T.
Peer review information Nature thanks Ali H. Brivanlou, Gist Croft, Insoo Hyun,
Celine Vallot and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the
peer review of this work.
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reprints.