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Alamy,
Getty
30 January 1649 1649-51 3 September 1651
BRITISH CIVIL WARS
EXECUTIONOFCHARLESI
Charles’sfailedconspiracyto defeat
ParliamentduringtheSecondCivil
Warresultsin histrialandsentencing
to deathforhightreason.Heshows
greatbraverywhenheis beheaded
at Whitehall,Londonin frontof a
largecrowd.Parliamentsubsequently
declaresEnglandto bea republic.
3 September 1650
BATTLEOFWORCESTER^07
Cromwellcrushesa largelyScottisharmy
commandedbyCharlesII exactlyoneyearafter
Dunbar.CharlesbarelyescapesEnglandwithhis
lifeandWorcesteris thelastbattleof theBritish
CivilWars.England,ScotlandandIrelandare
ruledasa republican
Commonwealthuntil
Charles’srestorationas
kingin 1660.
THIRDENGLISHCIVILWAR
TheRoyalistcauseremainsfocusedonCharlesII
whois crownedasKingof Scotsduringthelast
conflictof theCivilWars.Englishforcessuccessfully
invadeScotlandin 1650butCharlesalsoinvades
Englandthefollowingyear.
BATTLEOFDUNBAR^06
CromwelldecisivelydefeatstheScottishCovenantersdespitebeing
trappedandheavilyoutnumberedin a remarkablyfoughtbattle.
For 20 killedand 58 wounded,theNewModelArmyinflicts 800 to
3,000casualtiesontheScotsandcapture10,000prisoners.The
Parliamentariansgoonto captureEdinburgh.
Charles’s beheading is the shocking result
of the British Civil Wars and a landmark in
the history of representative government
Cromwell leads a storming party at the Siege
of Drogheda. The memory of his bloody and
controversial campaign is still known in
Ireland as the “Curse of Cromwell”
Charles II is crowned at Scone, Perthshire.
He is the last Scottish monarch to have his
coronation in Scotland itself
The New Model Army’s cavalry sing the 117th
Psalm to boost morale during the battle
Charles II’s escape from
Worcester becomes a
celebrated adventure
where he hides in
various locations,
including an oak tree,
to avoid Cromwell’s
pursuing soldiers
“FOR 20 KILLED AND 58 WOUNDED,
THE NEW MODEL ARMY INFLICTS 800 TO
3,000 CASUALTIES ON THE SCOTS AND
CAPTURE 10,000 PRISONERS”
15 August 1649-27 April 1653
CROMWELLIANCONQUEST OFIRELAND
IrishConfederateforcessidewiththeRoyalistsaftertheexecution
of CharlesI andsupporthissonCharlesII. Cromwellpersonally
invadesIrelandandgainsa reputationforbrutality,particularly
afterthesiegesof DroghedaandWexford.TheParliamentarian
conquestcontinuesuntil 1653 witha hugepercentageof theIrish
populationdyingasa resultof warfareor war-relateddisease.