History of War – October 2019

Images:

Alamy,

Getty

30 January 1649 1649-51 3 September 1651

BRITISH CIVIL WARS

EXECUTIONOFCHARLESI
Charles’sfailedconspiracyto defeat
ParliamentduringtheSecondCivil
Warresultsin histrialandsentencing
to deathforhightreason.Heshows
greatbraverywhenheis beheaded
at Whitehall,Londonin frontof a
largecrowd.Parliamentsubsequently
declaresEnglandto bea republic.

3 September 1650

BATTLEOFWORCESTER^07

Cromwellcrushesa largelyScottisharmy

commandedbyCharlesII exactlyoneyearafter

Dunbar.CharlesbarelyescapesEnglandwithhis

lifeandWorcesteris thelastbattleof theBritish

CivilWars.England,ScotlandandIrelandare

ruledasa republican

Commonwealthuntil

Charles’srestorationas

kingin 1660.

THIRDENGLISHCIVILWAR

TheRoyalistcauseremainsfocusedonCharlesII

whois crownedasKingof Scotsduringthelast

conflictof theCivilWars.Englishforcessuccessfully

invadeScotlandin 1650butCharlesalsoinvades

Englandthefollowingyear.

BATTLEOFDUNBAR^06

CromwelldecisivelydefeatstheScottishCovenantersdespitebeing

trappedandheavilyoutnumberedin a remarkablyfoughtbattle.

For 20 killedand 58 wounded,theNewModelArmyinflicts 800 to

3,000casualtiesontheScotsandcapture10,000prisoners.The

Parliamentariansgoonto captureEdinburgh.

Charles’s beheading is the shocking result

of the British Civil Wars and a landmark in

the history of representative government

Cromwell leads a storming party at the Siege

of Drogheda. The memory of his bloody and

controversial campaign is still known in

Ireland as the “Curse of Cromwell”

Charles II is crowned at Scone, Perthshire.

He is the last Scottish monarch to have his

coronation in Scotland itself

The New Model Army’s cavalry sing the 117th

Psalm to boost morale during the battle

Charles II’s escape from

Worcester becomes a

celebrated adventure

where he hides in

various locations,

including an oak tree,

to avoid Cromwell’s

pursuing soldiers

“FOR 20 KILLED AND 58 WOUNDED,

THE NEW MODEL ARMY INFLICTS 800 TO

3,000 CASUALTIES ON THE SCOTS AND

CAPTURE 10,000 PRISONERS”

15 August 1649-27 April 1653

CROMWELLIANCONQUEST OFIRELAND

IrishConfederateforcessidewiththeRoyalistsaftertheexecution

of CharlesI andsupporthissonCharlesII. Cromwellpersonally

invadesIrelandandgainsa reputationforbrutality,particularly

afterthesiegesof DroghedaandWexford.TheParliamentarian

conquestcontinuesuntil 1653 witha hugepercentageof theIrish

populationdyingasa resultof warfareor war-relateddisease.