CONTENTS 60
4 ASTRONOMY • MARCH 2020
18
Hubble’s greatest hits
The world’s favorite orbiting
observatory has transformed
our knowledge about
exoplanet atmospheres, the
fate of the universe, and
almost everything in between.
RICHARD TALCOTT
30
How the Ritchey-Chrétien
telescope was born
George Ritchey had great
vision and skill. Henri
Chrétien was a brilliant
astronomer and optical
engineer. Together, they
created one of today’s best
telescope designs. RON VOLLER
36
Sky This Month
Venus sidles up to Uranus.
MARTIN RATCLIFFE AND
ALISTER LING
38
Star Dome and
Paths of the Planets
RICHARD TALCOTT;
ILLUSTRATIONS BY ROEN KELLY
44
Do all galaxies have
dark matter?
The discovery of two ghostly
galaxies created quite a
hullabaloo in the astronomical
community. But the jury’s still
out on what’s really going on.
JAKE PARKS
52
Secrets of the Northern
Pinwheel Galaxy
Think you know the big
spiral M101? Take a deep
dive into its myriad
details, and you’ll know
it like never before.
ROD POMMIER
56
Explore the Moon
at First Quarter
If you’re just starting out,
our natural satellite makes a
tempting target in the evening
sky. MICHAEL E. BAKICH
60
Run a Messier marathon
Seeing all 109 objects in
one night should be on
your observing bucket list.
MICHAEL E. BAKICH
68
Ask Astro
Weighing black holes.
IN EVERY ISSUE
From the Editor 5
Astro Letters 6
New Products 65
Reader Gallery 70
Advertiser Index 73
Breakthrough 74
FEATURES
MARCH 2020
VOL. 48, NO. 3
Astronomy (ISSN 0091-6358, USPS 531-350)
is published monthly by Kalmbach Media
Co., 21027 Crossroads Circle, P. O. Box 1612,
Waukesha, WI 53187–1612. Periodicals postage
paid at Waukesha, WI, and additional offices.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to
Astronomy, PO Box 8520, Big Sandy, TX 75755.
Canada Publication Mail Agreement #40010760.
Go to http://www.Astronomy.com
for info on the biggest news and
observing events, stunning photos,
informative videos, and more.
ONLINE
FAVORITES
7
QUANTUM GRAVITY
Everything you need to
know about the universe
this month: the mystery
of Planet Nine, water
vapor on Europa, ancient
life in Australia, bright
X-ray bursts, and more.
COLUMNS
Strange Universe 14
BOB BERMAN
Secret Sky 16
STEPHEN JAMES O’MEARA
Binocular Universe 64
PHIL HARRINGTON
Observing Basics 66
GLENN CHAPLE
ON THE COVER
The Carina Nebula is the largest
and brightest Milky Way star-
forming region. Hubble captured
this image of its dusty pillars.
NASA/ESA/N. SMITH (UC, BERKELEY)/
THE HUBBLE HERITAGE TEAM (STSCI/AURA)
My Science
Shop
Perfect gifts for
your favorite
science geeks.
Trips and
Tours
Travel the
world with the
Astronomy staff.
Ask Astro
Archives
Answers to all
your cosmic
questions.
Globes
From Mercury
to Pluto, get the
hottest globes
around.
Online Content Code: ASY
Enter this code at: http://www.astronomy.com/code
to gain access to web-exclusive content