noninvasively and reversibly probe the influ-
ence of the local lattice on the electronic states
of cuprate high-temperature superconductors
and related compounds.
REFERENCES AND NOTES
- B. Keimer, S. A. Kivelson, M. R. Norman, S. Uchida, J. Zaanen,
Nature 518 , 179–186 (2015). - Y. Gao, P. Lee, P. Coppens, M. A. Subramania, A. W. Sleight,
Science 241 , 954–956 (1988). - T. Cren, D. Roditchev, W. Sacks, J. Klein,EPL 54 ,84– 90
(2001). - C. Howald, P. Fournier, A. Kapitulnik,Phys. Rev. B 64 , 100504
(R) (2001). - S. H. Panet al.,Nature 413 , 282–285 (2001).
- K. K. Gomeset al.,Nature 447 , 569–572 (2007).
- A. N. Pasupathyet al.,Science 320 , 196–201 (2008).
- K. McElroyet al.,Science 309 , 1048–1052 (2005).
- I. Zeljkovicet al.,Science 337 , 320–323 (2012).
- J. A. Slezaket al.,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 , 3203– 3208
(2008). - D. M. Eigler, E. Schweizer,Nature 344 , 524–526 (1990).
- L. Bartels, G. Meyer, K.-H. Rieder,Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 , 697– 700
(1997). - M. Ternes, C. P. Lutz, C. F. Hirjibehedin, F. J. Giessibl,
A. J. Heinrich,Science 319 , 1066–1069 (2008).
14. D. M. Eigler, C. P. Lutz, W. E. Rudge,Nature 352 , 600– 603
(1991).
15. T.-C. Shenet al.,Science 268 , 1590– 1592 (1995).
16. T. W. Fishlock, A. Oral, R. G. Egdell, J. B. Pethica,Nature 404 ,
743 – 745 (2000).
17. L. J. Whitman, J. A. Stroscio, R. A. Dragoset, R. J. Celotta,
Science 251 , 1206–1210 (1991).
18. M. A. Rezaei, B. C. Stipe, W. Ho,J. Chem. Phys. 110 ,
4891 – 4896 (1999).
19. M. Alemaniet al.,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 , 14446– 14447
(2006).
20. F. Massee, Y. K. Huang, M. S. Golden, M. Aprili,Nat. Commun.
10 , 544 (2019).
21. Materials and methods are available as supplementary
materials.
22. M. C. Boyeret al.,Nat. Phys. 3 , 802–806 (2007).
23. M. S. Hybertsen, L. F. Mattheiss,Phys. Rev. Lett. 60 ,
1661 – 1664 (1988).
24. I. Martin, A. V. Balatsky, J. Zaanen,Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 , 097003
(2002).
25. Y. He, T. S. Nunner, P. J. Hirschfeld, H.-P. Cheng,Phys. Rev.
Lett. 96 , 197002 (2006).
26. J. Nieminen, H. Lin, R. S. Markiewicz, A. Bansil,Phys. Rev. Lett.
102 , 037001 (2009).
27. A. Kreiselet al.,Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 , 217002 (2015).
28. P. Choubey, A. Kreisel, T. Berlijn, B. M. Andersen,
P. J. Hirschfeld,Phys. Rev. B 96 , 174523 (2017).
29. A. Mesaroset al.,Science 333 , 426–430 (2011).
30. M. J. Lawleret al.,Nature 466 , 347–351 (2010).
31. K. Fujitaet al.,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111 , E3026–E3032
(2014).
32. F. Massee, Supporting data for“Atomic manipulation of the
gap in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O8+x”by F. Masseeet al., Version 1, Harvard
Dataverse (2019); https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/UUSS6R.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank M. Civelli, A. Mesaros, and P. Simon for fruitful
discussions.Funding:F.M. acknowledges funding from H2020
Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (grant 659247) and the ANR
(ANR-16-ACHN-0018-01).Author contributions:F.M. and M.A.
conceived of the study and discussed and interpreted the results.
F.M. performed and analyzed all measurements. Y.K.H. grew the
samples. F.M. wrote the manuscript with M.A.Competing
interests:The authors declare no competing interests.Data and
materials availability:The data files for the results presented here
are available at ( 32 ).
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6473/68/suppl/DC1
Materials and Methods
Supplementary Text
Figs. S1 to S13
References ( 33 – 38 )
8 February 2019; accepted 7 November 2019
10.1126/science.aaw7964
Masseeet al.,Science 367 ,68–71 (2020) 3 January 2020 4of4
RESEARCH | REPORT