4
ALAMY
CONTENTS Features
✪ On the
cover
COVER ILLUSTRATION
BY DAVIDE BONAZZI
The ‘Triangular
Trade’ routes
between Europe,
Africa and North
America, which
developed from the
17th century. This
issue, we explore
how understanding
of trade winds drove
European expansion
46
Disability after the
First World War
BY MARTINA SALVANTE
Eight million people were disabled during
the 1914–18 conflict. What happened next
for those injured veterans?
56
Historic cities through
travellers’ eyes ✪
BY PETER FURTADO
Embark on a tour through the past of some
of history’s mightiest capitals, from Athens
and Havana to Samarkand and Timbuktu
64
Flight across the Pyrenees ✪
BY MATT CARR
Trace the perilous mountain crossings under-
taken by Jewish people evading capture by
the Nazis during the Second World War
THE BIG QUESTION
14
Has China always been
the greatest superpower? ✪
Experts discuss how war, diplomacy and
trade won (and lost) power for the nation
PERSPECTIVES
20
The First Opium War ✪
BY STEPHEN PLATT
The roots and aftermath of the 1838 conflict
that led to imperial China’s downfall
28
Winds of change ✪
BY LEWIS DARTNELL
How the discovery of trade winds sparked
an era of European empire-building
China vs
the west:
special
features
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