The Aerarium and Its Officials 81
andquietrestoredtotheAerarium,toseeitasitwasbeforethedayof in-
formers[delatores].Nowitisarealtempleandsanctuaryofagod.’’^63
Inthesecondcenturywefindthemconcernedwiththereporting(dela-
tio)ofbona caduca(unclaimedproperty)totheAerarium,^64 andsemi-judicial
functionsmightgrowoutofthat.^65 Therewerealsoothersemi-judicialfunc-
tionslikesettlementsoutofcourtwithrespecttomaintenance(transactiones
alimentorum) ‘‘before the prefect of the Aerarium.’’^66 But they also appear
givingcriminaljudgements;wehavereferencestoaninformersummoned
‘‘three times byedict’’ by the prefect of the Aerarium^67 and to conviction
forfraudbeforeaprefect.^68 TheSententiae et epistulaeof Hadrianevenhasa
caseofamancondemned‘‘tothequarries’’bytheprefectoftheAerarium
‘‘incompliancewiththeLexAeliaSentia.’’^69
Thisdevelopmentofanindependentjurisdictionisoneexampleofapro-
cesstypicaloftheEmpireinwhichboththegrowthoftheinformalcognitio
procedureandthepressureof businessontheholdersofimperiumcontrib-
utedtothedefactoexerciseof jurisdictionbytheholdersofawiderange
ofposts,includingcommonsoldiers.^70
TheAccountsofPromagistrates
ThelateRepublicanprocedureisfairlywellknown.Atthebeginningofa
provincialcommandtheSenatevotedasumtobepaidoutoftheAerarium
andtakenbythegovernortohisprovince(ornareprovinciam);^71 itwasnotun-
knownforthegovernorinfacttoleaveitbehindinRomeearninginterest.^72
ItisclearthatwhatwasvotedfromtheAerariumitselfwasonlypartofthe
- Pliny,Pan.36.
64.Dig. 49, 14, 13 and 15. ‘‘The Fiscus in the First Two Centuries,’’JRS53 (1963): 29
(chapter3inthisvolume). - SeeDig.49,14,42pr.
66.Dig.2,15,8,19.
67.Dig.49,14,15,4.
68.Dig.49,14,42,1.
69.Corpus Gloss. Lat.III,p.31,ll.50–51. - See R. MacMullen,Soldier and Civilian in the Later Roman Empire(Harvard, 1963),
54–55. - Cic.ad Att.3,24,1;Q. f.2,3,1;in Pis.5;Suet.,Div. Jul.18.SeeA.H.M.Jones,‘‘The
AerariumandtheFiscus,’’JRS40(1950):22Studies,101. - Cic.inPis.86;deimp.Pomp37.NotealsothefactthatCicerowasabletodrawmoney
inhisbrother’snamefromtheAerariumwhilethelatterwasinhisthirdyearasproconsul
ofAsia,Q. f.1,3,7.