Psychology2016

(Kiana) #1

72 CHAPTER 2


Concept Map LO. 2.8, 2.9


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often relied on dissection
techniques after death
unable to directly
observe function

computed
tomography
(CT)

magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)

older
methods

study animals or humans with brain damage; damage may be by
accident, injury, or in animals, deliberate; brain areas can be studied
according to the location of lesions (injured or destroyed areas)

brain areas can also be studiedthrough electrical
stimulation (invasive or noninvasive)

has good temporal but relatively
poor spatial resolution; records
the electrical activity of the brain
through the use of scalp
electrodes; both spontaneous
activity and event-related
potentials (ERP) can be studied
activity can be classified according
to frequency and morphology;
traditional bands include delta,
theta, alpha, and beta

lesioning studies

mapping function

mapping structure

Looking Inside the Living Brain
(methods for studying the structures and/or activity of the living brain)

the
electroencephalogram
(EEG)

positron emission
tomography (PET)

functional MRI
(fMRI)

based on X-ray
technology;
good for
imaging brain
structure, especially
when there is
metal in the body

used for imaging function; involves injection of a radioactive tracer
that binds to glucose, records activity of cells that use radioactive glucose

image brain function through tracking changes in blood oxygen levels;
increase in oxygen levels associated with increased functioning

superior spatial
resolution
for structure

brain stimulation studies

Practice Quiz How much do you remember?


Pick the best answer.



  1. Which of the following techniques involves passing a mild
    current through the brain to activate certain structures without
    damaging them?
    a. electroconvulsive tomography (ECT)
    b. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
    c. deep brain lesioning
    d. electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)

  2. Which of the following techniques analyzes blood oxygen levels to
    look at the functioning of the brain?
    a. EEG
    b. CT
    c. fMRI
    d. PET
    3. Dr. Roll is conducting a research study. She wants to measure the
    physical connectivity in the research participants’ brains by imaging
    their white matter. Which of the following methods will she use?
    a. diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
    b. MRI spectroscopy
    c. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
    d. computed tomography (CT)
    4. If you were suffering from neurological problems and your neurol-
    ogist wanted to have a study done of your brain and its electrical
    functioning, which of the following techniques would be most
    appropriate?
    a. PTI c. PET
    b. EEG d. DTI

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