Psychology2016

260 CHAPTER 6

Practice Quiz How much do you remember?

1. Chantal is very afraid of clowns, no doubt because she was fright-
   ened by one when she was very young. Chantal’s memories of that
   fearful encounter are likely to be associated with the
   a. cerebellum. c. posterior cingulate cortex.
   b. prefrontal cortex. d. amygdala.


2. Henry Gustav Molaison (H.M.) suffered from profound anterograde
   amnesia after his ____ were surgically removed in an
   attempt to control his seizures.
   a. hippocampi c. frontal lobes
   b. amygdalae d. thalami
   3. What type of amnesia do you have when you cannot remember
   things that happened before a traumatic accident?
   a. retrograde amnesia c. psychogenic amnesia
   b. anterograde amnesia d. infantile amnesia
   4. Which neurotransmitter is no longer readily produced in Alzheimer’s
   patients?
   a. dopamine c. GABA
   b. endorphins d. acetylcholine

Neuroscience of Memory

organic amnesia: caused by problems in

brain function associated with brain trauma,

amnesia disease, or aging (e.g., dementia)

retrograde loss of memory

from the point of injury

backwards

anterograde loss of memory

from the point of injury

forwards

patient H.M. is

a classic case study

infantile amnesia: memories before age 3

are likely implicit, not explicit

procedural memories: cerebellum

different brain areas short-term memories: prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes

are associated with

different types of memory

several physical changes in brain are associated

with memory formation (consolidation)

hippocampus plays a vital role in the formation of new declarative long-term memories

semantic and episodic long-term memories: frontal and temporal lobes

(different locations than short-term memories)

changes at receptor (long-term potentiation)

changes in dendrites

Concept Map L.O. 6.12, 6.13, 6.14

Interactive

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Applying Psychology to Everyday Life

Health and Memory

6. 14 Explain how sleep, exercise, and diet affect memory.
   Several recent studies highlight three important factors in improving or maintaining your
   memory’s health: getting enough sleep, moderate exercise, and a diet high in DHA.
   Sleep: As discussed in the chapter on consciousness, sleep is an important part
   of how the brain functions, particularly in forming memories. Recent studies have
   found that:


7. Memories that are rehearsed during sleep as well as during waking are more likely
   to be consolidated and therefore remembered better later on (Oudiette et al., 2013).
   This isn’t really news for memories that already have high value, such as memories