572 CHAPTER 14
Practice Quiz How much do you remember?
Pick the best answer.
- Olivia is a teenager who has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.
What percentage of individuals with anorexia that receive treatment
make a recovery?
a. 40 to 60 percent
b. 70 to 80 percent
c. 80 to 90 percent
d. approximately 95 percent- Which of the following characteristics best describes differences
between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa?
a. Individuals with anorexia do not have as severe health risks as
individuals with bulimia have.
b. Individuals with bulimia may have a normal body weight,
whereas those with anorexia tend to be severely under their
expected body weight.
c. Individuals with anorexia have been known to binge like those
with bulimia on occasion.
d. Anorexia tends to occur in early adulthood, while bulimia often
starts in early adolescence.
3. Researchers believe that 40 to 60 percent of the risk for anorexia,
bulimia, and binge-eating disorder is due to
a. genetic factors.
b. hormonal factors.
c. environmental factors.
d. psychological factors.- What is a major cause of sexual dysfunction?
a. stress c. heredity
b. paraphilias d. economic status - Surveys suggest that about percent of women
and percent of men have at least one sexual
dysfunction.
a. 10; 25
b. 40 to 45; 20 to 30
c. 80; 50
d. 10 to 20; 30 to 40
Schizophrenia: Altered Reality
Once known as dementia praecox, a Latin-based term meaning “out of one’s mind before
one’s time,” schizophrenia was renamed by Eugen Bleuler, a Swiss psychiatrist, to bet-
ter illustrate the division (schizo-) within the brain (phren) among thoughts, feelings, and
behavior that seems to take place in people with this disorder (Bleuler, 1911; Möller &
Hell, 2002). Because the term literally means “split mind,” it has often been confused
with dissociative identity disorder, which was at one time called “split personality.”Symptoms of Schizophrenia
14.13 Distinguish between the positive and negative symptoms
of schizophrenia.
To d a y, schizophrenia is described as a long-lasting psychotic disorder (involving a
severe break with reality), in which there is an inability to distinguish what is real from
fantasy as well as disturbances in thinking, emotions, behavior, and perception. The dis-
order typically arises in the late teens or early 20s, affects both males and females, and is
consistent across cultures.
Schizophrenia includes several different kinds of symptoms. Disorders in thinking
are a common symptom and are called delusions. Although delusions are not prominent
in everyone with schizophrenia, they are the symptom that most people associate with
this disorder. Delusions are false beliefs about the world that the person holds and that
tend to remain fixed and unshakable even in the face of evidence that disproves the delu-
sions. Common schizophrenic delusions include delusions of persecution, in which people
believe that others are trying to hurt them in some way; delusions of reference, in which peo-
ple believe that other people, television characters, and even books are specifically talking
to them; delusions of inf luence, in which people believe that they are being controlled by
external forces, such as the devil, aliens, or cosmic forces; and delusions of grandeur (or
grandiose delusions), in which people are convinced that they are powerful people who can
save the world or have a special mission (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Delusional thinking alone is not enough to merit a diagnosis of schizophrenia, as
other symptoms must be present (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Speech dis-
turbances are common: People with schizophrenia will make up words, repeat words orschizophrenia
severe disorder in which the person
suffers from disordered thinking,
bizarre behavior, hallucinations,
and inability to distinguish between
fantasy and reality.
psychotic
refers to an individualos inaDility to
separate what is real and what is
fantasy.
delusions
false beliefs held by a person who
refuses to accept evidence of their
falseness.