Index 227
Second Schleswig-Holstein War, 16, 75,
76 t, 110t, 124–125, 149t
Second Sino-Japanese War (#121), 77,
77 t, 115t
Second World War, 6, 9–10, 16–17,
20–21, 33–34, 40, 46, 51, 158, 159; and
Afghanistan, 138, 141; and similarity
method, 72; and stability, 76, 77,
78 t, 88–98, 100–101; and territorial
outcomes, 116–117t, 123, 126–127,
149 t, 154; and transition to bipolar
order, 16; and U.S. foreign policy, 144
September 11, 2001, 6, 47, 49, 59, 63,
105, 141–142, 144–145, 156–159
Seven Weeks’ War, 16, 76, 76t, 110–111t,
124–125, 149t
Smith, Adam, 52
Soviet–Afghan War: and difference
model, 72; and systemic constraints,
140–141; and territorial outcomes,
131, 140–141, 146, 149t
Soviet invasion of Hungary: and
homeostasis principle, 44, 46; and
stability of bipolar system, 79, 80t;
and territorial outcomes, 8, 32, 56,
128, 149t
Spykman, Nicholas, 51
Stability of international systems, 3,
13, 27–28, 29t; and anarchy, 27; and
bipolar systems, 28, 29t, 78–80,
97–101; conclusions, 105–109, 152,
153 t; definitions of, 17–18; and
homeostasis, 27; and international
relations theory of war, 17–19;
measurement parameters, 3, 18, 27;
and multipolar systems, 28, 29t, 75–78,
82–97; qualitative assessment, 81–105;
quantitative assessment, 75–81;
systemic factors and bipolar systems,
78–80; systemic factors and multipolar
systems, 75–78; systemic factors and
unipolar systems, 80–81; and unipolar
systems, 28, 29t, 80–81, 101–105
Status quo. See Territorial status quo
ante bellum, maintaining
Status quo powers, 39–40, 56, 61t
Sykes-Picot Agreement, 158
Syria, 20, 80, 114t, 121t, 157, 159
Systemic international outcomes, 2, 3–4,
10, 13, 15–19, 57; constraints of the
system and their influence on degree
of stability of systems, 29t; definition
of, 13, 27–28; systemic factors and
international systems stability, 17–19;
systemic factors and international
systems durability, 15–17Taliban, 6, 142–145, 157
Territorial contraction, 2, 5, 13, 21;
and anarchy principle, 31, 131; and
bipolar systems, 33, 35t, 109, 128;
and conquest, 22; definition of,
23; and homeostasis principle, 31,
32–33, 128, 131; and hyperpowers,
31, 31–32, 131; and minor wars, 31,
33, 128; and multipolar systems, 33,
120, 123, 126–127, 154, 156; summary
of territorial expansion of polar
powers at end of wars, 148t, 155t;
territorial expansion of polar powers
at end of wars by periods, 147t;
territorial expansion of polar powers
at end of wars by polarity, 147t; and
unipolar systems, 31, 31–32, 131;
and World War I, 1, 33–34, 123, 149,
154; and World War II, 1, 33–34, 123,
126–127, 149t, 154
Territorial expansion, 5, 10, 13, 22,- See also Annexation: Cession;
Conquest; Mandated territory;
Secession; Territorial contraction;
Territorial status quo ante bellum,
maintaining; Unification
Territorial expansion outcomes, 30–34,
35 t; under bipolar systems, 32–33,
118, 119t, 127–130, 147–149t, 154,
156; central wars, 30, 123; definition
of, 22; key test cases, under the
three possible polarity models,
149 t; under multipolar systems,
33–34, 109, 110–117t, 118, 123–127,
147–149t, 154, 156; qualitative
assessment, 120–131; quantitative
assessment, 109–120; summary of
territorial expansion of polar powers
at end of wars, 148t, 155t; territorial