32
Map 3. Hajj route followed by caravan from Kazikumukh in the North Caucasus,
183 9–1841
RED
SEA
PERSIAN
GULF
N
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 km
100 200 300 mi
Hajj route used by 20-man caravan from Kazikumukh, 1839–1841
Syrian hajj route
Egyptian hajj route Border of Russian Empire, c.^1840
.
Trabzon
Izmit
Aleppo
CAIRO
DAMASCUS
MEDINA
MECCA
Yanbu
Homs
Erzurum
Tiflis
CONSTANTINOPLE
Alexandria
Beirut
Wajdh
Jeddah
Kumukh
Derbent
BLACK SEA
CASPIAN
SEA
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
R USSIAN EMPIRE
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
PERSIA
R USSIAN EMPIRE
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
PERSIA
Baghdad
Kars
Aksehirç
Konya
Adana
Antioch [Antakya]
Maan
Suez
Tabuk
Aqaba