Russian Hajj. Empire and the Pilgrimage to Mecca - Eileen Kane

Map 1. The Russian Empire and neighboring lands, ca. 

BLACK SEA

REDSEA

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

ARABIAN SEA

PERSIANGULF

BASEALTIC

N

0

0 200 400 600 800 km

200100 300 400500 mi

Kamaran Island

R USSIAN EMPIRE

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

PERSIA

AFGHANISTAN

QING

EMPIRE

BRITISH INDIA

R USSIAN EMPIRE

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

PERSIA

AFGHANISTAN

QING

EMPIRE

BRITISH INDIA

Border of Russian Empire, c. 1900

U

R

A

L

S

(^) C
AU
CASUS
HINDU^ KU
SH
TIA
N^ S
HAN
Mashhad
Kushka
Poti
Samarkand
Bukhara
Tashkent Andijan
Constantinople Sinop
Enzeli
Alexandria
Beirut
Jaffa
Jeddah
Port Said
Bombay
Baku
Batumi
Sevastopol Feodosiia
Samarkand
Bukhara
Tashkent Andijan
Orenburg
Kars
Ashkhabad Merv
Kermanshah
Khiva
Urgench
Bishkek
Aleppo MosulTabriz
Basra
Rasht
Karbala Baghdad
Najaf
Cairo
El–Tor
Jerusalem
Damascus
Medina
Suez
Erzurum
Peshawar
Astrakhan
Saratov
Sofia
Belgrade
Budapest
Vienna
Odessa
Kharkov
Kursk
Kiev
Moscow Kazan
Warsaw Samara
Trabzon
Aleppo MosulTabriz
Basra
Teheran
Rasht
Karbala Baghdad
Najaf
Cairo
El-Tor
Jerusalem
Damascus
Medina
Mecca
Yanbu
Suez
Homs
Erzurum
Ankara
Izmir
Herat
Kabul Peshawar
Hodeidah
Krasnovodsk
Tiflis
KashgarKashgar
Astrakhan
Saratov
Sofia
Belgrade
Budapest
Vienna
Odessa
Kharkov
Kursk
Kiev
Moscow Kazan
Penza Samara
NizhniiNovgorod
St. Petersburg
Warsaw
C ASPIAN
SEA
BUKHARA
KHIVA