Russian Hajj. Empire and the Pilgrimage to Mecca - Eileen Kane

71

Kinel

(^) Syr
(^) Dary
a
Old Central Asian hajj routes, 16th–19th cc.
New Central Asian hajj routes, 1880s–1910s
Hajj routes sponsored by the Ottoman sultan
Railroads
Date of opening of railroad section
PUNJABPUNJAB
N
Amu Darya
Transsiberian
Railroad Line
R USSIAN EMPIRE
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
AFGHANISTAN
R USSIAN EMPIRE
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
PERSIA
Mosul AFGHANISTAN
Cairo
Damascus
Moscow
Izmir
KhivaBukhara
Astrakhan
Medina (1908)
Mecca
Delhi
Agra
Surat
Kabul
Mocha
Jeddah
Otrar
Tashkent (1899)
Suez
Port Said
Samarkand (1888)
Andijan (1898)
Kokand
Merv
Ashkhabad
Krasnovodsk
Tbilisi
Batumi
Peshawar
Bombay
Yanbu
Sevastopol
Kremenchug Kharkov
Iletsk
Orenburg (1906)
Penza Samara
Odessa
Constantinople
Trabzon
Baghdad
AnkaraErzurum Kizil Arvat
(1881)
Kufa
KonyaAdana
Antioch
Homs
Maan
Tabuk
Viatka Perm
Ekaterinburg
Tiumen
Omsk
Novosibirsk
Mosul
Cairo
Damascus
Moscow
Izmir
KhivaBukhara
Astrakhan
Medina (1908)
Mecca
Delhi
Agra
Surat
Kabul
Mocha
Jeddah
Otrar
Tashkent (1899)
Suez
Port Said
Samarkand (1888)
Andijan (1898)
Kokand
Merv
Ashkhabad
Krasnovodsk
Tiflis
Batumi
Peshawar
Bombay
Yanbu
Sevastopol
Kremenchug Kharkov
Iletsk
Orenburg (1906)
Penza Samara
Odessa
Constantinople
Samsun
Trabzon
Baghdad
AnkaraErzurum
Sinop
Kizil Arvat
(1881)
Kufa
KonyaAdana
Antioch
Homs
Maan
Tabuk
Viatka Perm
Ekaterinburg
Tiumen
Omsk
Novosibirsk
Vol
ga
SimferopolSimferopol
St. PetersburgSt. Petersburg
YYa roslavlaroslavl
(1881)
NamanganNamangan
0
0 200 400 600800 km
200100 300 400500 mi
BakuBaku (1883)(1883)
CASPIAN
SEA
PERSIAN
GULF
ARABIAN SEA
BLACK SEA
RED
SEA
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Map 4. Changing Central Asian hajj routes, 1880s–1910s