Advances in Role and Reference Grammar

OF NOMINATIVES AND DATIVES 495

Figure 14

inflection, with nominative/absolutive : dative case-marking, used in the
maximally tight cross-clause environment, still has available for maximally
tight coreference — i.e., with zero locally-determined anaphoric element —
all three of the basic underlying grammatical case-relations. If there is a
grammatical dative as well as a lexical dative, then, by rule of dative bump­
ing, the nonparticipant (i.e. third person) "O" grammatical dative becomes
marked by surface ergative case-marking, indicated in stratum I. A lexical
split indicated in stratum II generates the plain inflectional ergative and
accusative case-markings. In Chinookan, on the other hand, the normal
form of inflection, with nominative/absolutive : dative case-marking, used in
the maximally tight cross-clause environment, has available for maximally
tight coreference only two of the basic underlying grammatical case-rela­
tions, "A" and "S". Note that no lexical dative ("D 2 ") can occur in this
form, and that, indeed, in the finite normal form of inflection, no "O" or
Patient can occur. To generate the whole inflectional system, we note that
a rule of global split ergative marking even in the normal form gives erga-