Advances in Sociophonetics

104 Rosalind A. M. Temple

(6) and I never did get [dɪdɡɛʔ] round to seeing it

Word-final stop consonants at other places of articulation are rarer^15 , but cases of

both released and unreleased articulations are found with following stops, as in

(7)–(8) and (9)–(10) respectively, and there are even examples of inaudible release

with a weak acoustic spike, as in (11), which is illustrated in Figure 1:^16

(7) my grandfather used to go to a pub down [pʊbdaʊn] there

(8) there’s a lot of (...) sick people [sɪkpiːpl] as in...

(9) followed the the cop car [kʰɒp ̚kaːɹ]

(10) and you roll it up into a big ball [b̞ɪɡ ̚bɔːl] and stick it on the end

(11) primary school goes from reception up to [ʊptʰə] year 6

0

up to

p th u:

0.759

Time (s)

Figure 1. Waveform showing up to [year six] (11) with inaudibly released [p];

female speaker.

As for the (t,d) cluster tokens,^17 there are no cases of inaudible release with clearly

visible bursts, but both released and unreleased reflexes of both consonants may be

found before following stops. Many of the released tokens occur when the speaker

is hesitating, as in (12), or pausing for a discourse effect, as in (13):

15. SW has eighteen pre-stop singleton tokens of /p/, fourteen of them in the word up, sixteen
    tokens of /k/, six of /ɡ/ and none of /b/.


16. Space precludes illustration of every example so a small selection is provided here.
    Spectrograms and sound files of all examples are available on the website accompanying this
    volume at http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/silv.15.media
    1 7. (t,d) tokens are taken from the original analysis in Tagliamonte & Temple (op.cit.), which
    was selective in order to maximise even distribution across speakers, morphological classes and
    lexical items. The average number of tokens per speaker with a following stop was 8.6.