Advances in the Study of Bilingualism

16 Part 1: Bilingual Speech

Table 1.4

Substitution patterns: Welsh clusters

Age

2;6–3;0

3;0–3;6

3;6–4;0

4;0–4;6

4;6–5;0

5;0–5;6

5;6–6;0

DomW

E

W E

W E

WE WE W E WE



✓

[p]-1

✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓



[p]-6

[p]-8

[p]-6 [pw]-2

[p]-8

[pw]-4

[p]-4 [pw]-4

✓

[pw]-3 [p]-2

✓✓✓✓✓✓



✓

[b]-2

✓✓✓

[b]-2

✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓



[b]-6 [bw]-4

[b]-8

[b]-4 [bw]-4

[b]-4 [bw]-4

[bw]-6

[bw]-6 [b]-2

✓

[bw]-3

✓

[bw]-2

✓✓✓✓



[t]-3

✓

[t]-2

✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓



[t]-6 [tw]-2

[t]-6 [tw]-2

[tw]-2

[t]-4 [tw]-4

[tw]-4

[tw]-4

✓

[tw]-3

✓✓✓✓✓✓



✓✓✓✓✓✓✓

[d]-2

✓

[d]-2

✓✓✓✓



[k]-6 [kw]-2

[k]-6 [kw]-2

[kw]-6

[k]-2 [kw]-2

[kw]-2

[kw]-4

✓

[kw]-2

✓✓✓✓✓✓



✓✓✓✓✓

[k]-1

✓✓✓✓✓

[k]-1

✓✓



[g]-6 [gw]-4

[g]-4 [gw]-4

[gw]-9

[g]-4 [gw]-4

[gw]-4

[gw]-8

✓

[gw]-2

✓

[gw]-2

✓

[gw]-1

✓✓



[f]-1

✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓



[f]-4 [fl

]-4

[f]-8 [fw]-2

[fw]-6

[f]-4 [fw]-4

[fw]-4

[fw]-8

✓✓✓

[fw]-2

✓✓✓✓



✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓

[b]-1

✓✓