Advances in the Study of Bilingualism

18 Part 1: Bilingual Speech

Table 1.5

Substitution patterns: English clusters

Age

2;6–3;0

3;0–3;6

3;6–4;0

4;0–4;6

4;6–5;0

5;0–5;6

5;6–6;0

Dom

W

E

W

E

W

E

W

E

W

E

W

E

W

E



[p]-1

[p]-2 [pw]-2

✓

[p]-3

✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓



[p]-6 [pw]-2

[p]-4 [pw]-4

[pw]-4

[p]-6

[pw]-2

✓✓

[pw]-5

✓✓✓✓

[pl]-1

✓



[b]-2

✓

[bw]-1

✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓



[b]-2 [bw]-2

[b]-2 [bw]-2

[bw]-2

[bw]-2

[bw]-3

[bw]-4 [b

υ]-2

✓

[bw]-7

✓✓✓✓✓✓



[t]-2

✓✓

[t]-2

✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓



[t]-6 [tw]-2

[t]-5 [tw]-1

[tw]-2

[tw]-6 [t

]-2

[t]-2

[tw]-2 [t

υ]-2

✓

[tw]-2

✓✓✓✓✓✓



[d]-6 [dw]-2

[d]-6 [dw]-4

[dw]-2

[d]-1 [dw]-1

[dw]-2

[d

υ]-2

✓

[dw]-2 [d]-1

✓✓✓✓✓✓



[d]-4

[d]-2

✓

[d]-1

✓

[d]-6

✓

[d]-3

✓✓✓✓

[d]-1

[d]-1



[k]-6 [kw]-2

[k]-8 [kw]-2

[kw]-4 [k]-2

[kw]-4

[kl]-3 [kw]-1

[kw]-4 [k

υ]-2

✓

[kw]-3

✓

[kw]-1

✓✓✓✓



✓

[k]-1

[k]-2

✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓



✓✓✓✓✓

[g]-1

✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓



[g]-4 [gw]-2

[g]-6 [gw]-2

[gw]-2

[gw]-2

[gl]-2

[gw]-4

✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓



[f]-1

✓

[f]-4

✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓