312 GLOSSARYmetric system A system
of standard measuring
units including the metre
(for measuring length)
and the kilogram (for
measuring mass). Different
measurements can be
compared easily using these
units by multiplying or
dividing by 10, 100, or 1000.milligram (mg) A metric
unit of mass that equals a
thousandth of a gram.millilitre (ml) A metric unit
of capacity that equals a
thousandth of a litre.millimetre (mm) A metric
unit of length that equals
one-thousandth of a metre.mixed number A number that
is partly a whole number and
partly a fraction, such as 2^1 ⁄ 2.mode The value that occurs
most often in a set of data.multiple Any number that’s
the result of multiplying two
whole numbers together.negative number A number
less than zero: for example
−1, −2, –3, and so on.net A flat shape that can be
folded up to make a particular
3D shape.non-unit fraction A fraction
with a numerator greater than
one, for example^3 ⁄ 4.number A value used for
counting and calculating.
Numbers can be positive or
negative, and include whole
numbers and fractions. See
negative number, positive
number.number line A horizontal line
with numbers written on it,
used for counting and
calculating. Lowest numbers
are on the left, highest ones
on the right.numeral One of the ten
symbols from 0 to 9 that are
used to make up all numbers.
Roman numerals are different,
and use capital letters such as
I, V, and X.numerator The upper number
in a fraction, such as the 3 in^3 ⁄ 4.obtuse angle An angle
between 90 and 180 degrees.operator A symbol that
represents something you do
to numbers, for example +
(add) or × (multiply).opposite angles The angles
on opposite sides where two
lines intersect, or cross over
each other. Opposite angles
are equal.origin The point where the x
and y axes of a grid intersect.parallel Running side by side
without getting closer or further
apart.parallelogram A type of
quadrilateral whose opposite
sides are parallel and equal
to each other.partitioning Breaking
numbers down into others
that are easier to work with.
For example, 36 can be
partitioned into 30 + 6.percentage (%) A proportion
expressed as a fraction of 100- for example, 25 per cent
(25%) is the same as^25 ⁄ 100.
perimeter The distance
around the edge of a shape.perpendicular Something is
perpendicular when it is at
right angles to something else.pictogram A diagram that
shows data as rows or
columns of small pictures.pie chart A diagram that
shows data as “slices” (sectors)
of a circle.place-value system Our
standard way of writing
numbers, where the value of
each digit in the number
depends on its position within
that number. For example, the
2 in 120 has a place value of
twenty, but in 210 it stands for
two hundred.polygon Any 2D shape
with three or more straight
sides, such as a triangle or
a parallelogram.polyhedron Any 3D shape
whose faces are polygons.positive number A number
greater than zero.prime factor A factor that
is also a prime number.
See factor.prime number A whole
number greater than 1 that
can’t be divided by any whole
number except itself and 1.prism A 3D shape whose
ends are two identical
polygons. It is the same size
and shape all along its length.probability The chance of
something happening or
being true.product The number you get
when you multiply other
numbers together.proper fraction A fraction
whose value is less than 1,
where the numerator is less
than the denominator, for
example^2 ⁄ 3.proportion The relative size
of part of something,
compared with the whole.protractor A tool, usually
made of flat, see-through
plastic, for measuring and
drawing angles.quadrant A quarter of a grid
when the grid is divided by
x and y axes.quadrilateral A 2D shape
with four straight sides.quotient The answer you get
when you divide one number
by another.radius Any straight line from
the centre of a circle to its
circumference.range The spread of values in
a set of data, from the lowest
to the highest.ratio Ratio compares one
number or amount with
another. It’s written as two
numbers, separated by a
colon (:).rectangle A four-sided 2D
shape where opposite sides
are the same length and all
the angles are 90 degrees.reflection A type of
transformation that produces
a mirror image of the original
object. See transformation.310-313_Glossary.indd 312 29/02/2016 18:07