Negation 273
(98) Siti parlo entar ka Jakarta.
Siti need go to Jakarta
‘Siti needs to go to Jakarta.’
(99) Koncer-ra jeh tajem se e-guna'-agi kalamon nyongke' rang-barang
tail-DEF this sharp REL OV-use-AGI if AV-hook RED-thing
se parlo e-congke'.
REL need OV-hook
‘The tail was sharp and was used for prying things up that needed to be
separated.’
- tao ‘know’
The main verb tao ‘know’ can be used as an auxiliary to indicate past time. It is
largely used to refer to a non-immediate past time. It can be translated as ‘ever’
but need not occur in the scope of negation.
(100) Engko' lamba' tao a-dungeng dha' ba'eng kabbi rato Mekksasan
I before know AV-story to you all king Pamekasan
se a-nyama Panembahan Ronggo Suka Wati.
REL AV-name Panembahan Ronggo Suka Wati
‘Once I told you the story of the king of Pamekasan who was named
Panembahan Ronggo Suka Wati.’
(101) Pangeran Koneng se bi' kai-na tao e-buwang dha' lowar
Pangeran Koneng REL by father-DEF know OV-discard to outside
Mataram.
Mataram.
‘Pangeran Koneng was once banished from Mataram by his father.’
5. Negation
As described in Chapter 3 section 1, verbs are negated by means of the prever-
bal negative clitic ta' or lo', the latter used in the Western dialect area, illustrated
in (102) and (103).
(102) Hasan ta' mokol Bambang.
Hasan not AV.hit Bambang
‘Hasan didn’t hit Bambang.’