Chapter 11 Complex sentences
1. Coordination
When neither of the combined clauses dominates, Madurese has a variety of
different coordinate conjunctions to indicate neutral, temporal, causal, and other
relations between clauses.
The conjunction ban ‘and’ serves for the simple coordination of clauses,
in neutral contexts indicating no special relationship between them other than
simple association, as illustrated in (1-3).
(1) Sale maca koran ban Soleha noles sorat.
Sale AV.read newspaper and Soleha AV.write letter
‘Sale read the newspaper and Soleha wrote a letter.’
(2) Hasan entar dha' Jakarta ban Ali entar dha' Bali.
Hasan go to Jakarta and Ali go to Bali
‘Hasan went to Jakarta and Ali went to Bali.’
(3) Hadi kowat ban Bambang penter.
Hadi strong and Bambang smart
‘Hadi is strong and Bambang is smart.’
None of the sentences in (1-3) identifies any special relationship between the
states of affairs in the two clauses, simply that in the context of the utterance,
the two are in some way associated.
Although bi' 'with' and so 'with' can be used to coordinate NPs (see sec-
tion 1.1), they are not used to coordinate clauses.
(4) Sale maca koran ban/*so Soleha noles sorat.
Sale AV.read newspaper and/with Soleha AV.write letter
‘Sale read the newspaper and Soleha wrote a letter.’
(5) Bu Yus ngeba opor ajam ban/*bi' Bu Ita ngeba soto madura.
Mrs Yus AV.bring opor ayam and/with Mrs Ita AV.bring soto madura
‘Bu Yus brought opor ayam and Bu Ita brought soto Madura.’