478 Chapter 15 Speech levels
Alos mandhap vocabulary is relatively limited but like alos tenggi oper-
ates independently of the status of speaker and addressee. This is illustrated in
the sentences that follow, as is the distinction between alos mandhap and alos
tenggi. The sentences in (18-20) are kasar sentences.
(18) Ali menta Siti entar ka roma-na.^7
Ali AV.request Siti go to house-DEF
‘Ali asked Siti to go to his house.’
(19) Ali ng-ator-e guru-na meyos ka roma-na.
Ali AV-say-E teacher-DEF go to house-DEF
‘Ali invited his teacher to go to his (Ali’s) house.’
(20) Ali menta Siti nyabis ka dalem-ma Pa' Hasan.
Ali AV.request Siti AV.go to house-DEF Mr Hasan
‘Ali asked Siti to go to Pak Hasan’s house.’
First, consider the word meaning ‘go’ in each sentence. In (18), entar ‘go’, fa-
miliar from many examples in previous chapters, is used because no special
status is attributed to Siti nor to Ali. In (19), the alos tenggi word meyos ‘go’
must be used because the person undertaking the activity is a person command-
ing respect. In (20), once again Siti is doing the action, but this time the goal of
her going is to the house of a person of higher status Pa' Hasan. Thus the situa-
tion is that a person of lower status acting toward a person of higher status, and
so nyabis the actor voice form of the alos mandhap word cabis ‘go’ must be
used. Also to be noted is the verb of saying that is used in each case. As neither
Ali nor Siti is a person of higher status and there is no difference in status be-
tween them, the form menta ‘request’ is used in (18) and (20), where Ali ad-
dresses Siti. In (19), Ali addresses his teacher, a person of higher status, and the
word ngatore ‘say to’ is used.^8 The only other point of note is the use of dalem
‘house’ in (20), which is used in this environment as Pa' Hasan is person toward
whom one should show respect.
The sentences in (21-23) are the alos counterparts of (18-20), respective-
ly.
(^7) Another common kasar word for 'house' is bengko; however, roma is more commonly
used in the Western dialect.
(^8) The alos mandhap counterpart of menta is actually nyo'on, but it is considered some-
what more appropriate to use ngatore, which is best translated as ‘invite’, in a situation
such as asking a teacher to go somewhere.