Textual examples 483
DR: Dungket ka’dhinto dankula dhimen oneng e-pareng-e settong oreng
cane this I before know OV-give-E one person
seppo bakto-na panjennengngan mangkat a-perrang dha’ Blambangan.
old time-DEF you leave AV-war to Blambangan
‘This cane was given by an old man when you went to war in
Blambangan.’
JT: Marena pas e-pa-dha’ramma’-a reya?
after then OV-CS-how-IRR this
‘What do we do with it?’
DR: Ponapa ca'-epon panjennengngan.
what say DEF you
‘Well, whatever you say.’
As indicated by the single and double underscoring, Dewi Ratnadi is using alos
vocabulary in addressing her husband, Joko Tole, and he responds to her in
kasar. Additionally, in the first line of the second passage, Dewi Ratnadi using
the alos tenggi word pareng ‘give’ as the person doing the giving was a man
older than herself.
A text published sometime during the early 20th century (Keizer n.d.)
illustrates a different state of affairs. In this instance, the wife (B) speaks to the
man, a laborer in a factory, using tengnga'an and the husband, Pa' Arsik (PA),
responds in kasar. Pa' Arsik is ill and tells his wife of his plan to go to the hos-
pital (with the help of his boss).
B: Dika ta' kera a-bali pole, e ko'issa dika e-potong. Ko'imma dika
you not will AV-return again at there you OV-break which you
se olle-ya teddha?
REL get-IRR eat
‘You will not come back again. They will finish you there. What do you
want to eat?’
PA: Sengko' entar-a bai, ta' abit sengko' mole kalaban ella baras.
I go-IRR only not long I go.home with already healthy
‘I’m just going, and before long I will come home healthy.’
As indicated by the underscoring, Pa' Arsik’s wife speaks to him largely using
tengnga'an vocabulary, except where she uses the alos form for eat, teddha. Pa'
Arsik responds with kasar, most easily identified by the first person pronoun
sengko'.
The next passage is a dialogue from Parembi’na Joko Tole (included in
Chapter 16) between the princess Din Aju Saini and her maidservants. The vir-