jeff_l
(Jeff_L)
#1
3.4 Ablaut 101
the inflectable short imperfectives, but not in the Imprt. In most cases the extra
short V is accompanied by either Stem-Initial Syncope or Stem-Initial
Gemination (§3.4.8.1, below). In the analysis used here, the basic (i.e. lexical)
representation is modeled on the Imprt. Thus -kvrikvw- is closely related to
Imprt karikaw, contrast PerfP -aekrakaew- and (inflectable) Shlmpf -akrikaw-.
One could imagine analytical alternatives, with the lexical representation taken
either as -vkrikvw- or -krikvw-, with corresponding adjustments in the
formulation of phonological rules. A representation -vkrikvw- would directly
provide the syllabic shapes of the perfectives and the inflectable Shlmpf, but
would require a rule deleting the initial ν in the imperative, followed by a
resyllabification process that inserts ν between the two initial C's. A
representation -krikvw- would split the difference between the Imprt and the
other stems, but for this very reason is not closely grounded in any actual verb
stem and so is psychologically dubious.
One important respect in which verbs differ from nouns is that verbs have
no lexical accents. In actual verb stems, the only marked (i.e. non-default)
accents are those due to ablaut formatives in the Resit and LoImpfP stems, e.g.
for 'enter' Resit -ajjds- and LoImpfP -t-djjaes-, along with (in T-ka dialect)
some imperfectives where resyllabification has applied, e.g. sjal 'go!'.
3.4.1.3 Verb types based on full vowels
For morphological purposes, groupings based on full V's (78) are useful.
(78) Broad Verb-Stem Classes Based on Full Vowels
a. short-V verbs (all vowels are short), e.g. -vCvC-, -vPPvC-
b. full-V-initial verbs, e.g. -uCvC-, -uCCu-
c. full-V-medial verbs, e.g. -CvCiCvC-
d. unaugmented V-final verbs, e.g. -DCCO-, -VCCD-
e. augmented V-final verbs, e.g. -CvCuCu- (+ -t)
The stem-final V's in (78.d-e) are full rather than short V's, since there are
no word- or stem-final short V's. For the unaugmented V-final verbs, in some
stems the full V is replaced by an underspecified vowel III or IAJ that is subject
to deletion word-finally. The categories (78.b) and (78.c) can be combined
with (78.d-e), but not with each other. In other words, there can be up to two
full V's in a stem, in which case one of the two must be stem-final. The
augmented V-final verbs have an Augment suffix -t in some paradigmatic
forms, and in general this class behaves quite differently in morphonology
from the unaugmented V-final verbs (§7.1.1).
In effect, the presence of a full (or stem-final) V in a given position
determines local (rather than stem-wide) morphophonological patterns. For
example, an initial full V appears as ο in the perfectives, as α in the short
