jeff_l
(Jeff_L)
#1
152 3 Phonology
expressed as either wser t-ahlek (with PerfN stem, note the e) or as wasr
haellaek (with the Prohib). For more on these negative imperatives see §7.2.5.3.
The data are summarized in (129).
(129) Effect of Negative Particle on Verb Form
In the sequence [Neg VERB ...], the verb is adjusted as follows:
a. perfective: replace χ by e if the as is first postconsonantal V and is
in the stem-final syllable (e -pelf)
b. long imperfective (indicative): superimpose melody, erase
χ-pcl and χ-pcl
c. long imperfective (imperative): erase χ-pcl and χ-pcl
The omission of χ-pcl and χ-pcl features in (129.b-c) is vaguely similar
to the shortening of full V's in Prefix Reduction for nouns (§3.5.1, above).
However, the resemblance is weak. Prefix Reduction has no effect on lexical
accentuation, while (129.b-c) include erasure of a marked accent. Whereas
Prefix Reduction changes PI prefix i- to V and has no effect on the noun stem
proper, verbs after Neg do not reduce 3MaSg subject prefix i- but do undergo
vocalic reductions after the stem's first C position. The other changes in verbs,
namely replacement of ae by e (129.a) and the superimposition of melody
in (129.b), are idiosyncratic. It is clear that no general principle accounts for
the details of the phonological modifications of nouns in dependent state and
of post-negative verbs. Rather, the ablaut modifications are highly
morphologized.
3.5.3 Verbs and participles in definite relative clauses and after Past kaela
In a subject relative clause, the verb takes participial form (§8.6). In nonsubject
relatives, we get an ordinary inflected verb.
Definite relative clauses (§12.1.1) are those that begin with a
demonstrative like w-ά 'this-MaSg'. The demonstrative is optionally preceded
by a "head noun" in the form of a noun that belongs syntactically to the higher
clause (rather than to the relative clause). If a head noun is present, it has no
effect on the form of the verb or participle within the definite relative clause
itself. Also treated as definite relatives are those beginning in ere 'whoever ...',
ά 'what..., that which ...', and ed 'when ...', while relative clauses beginning in
indefinite demonstrative ι or with a noun are treated as indefinite (§12.1.6).
Clauses with initial iket in the sense 'have just (VERB-ed)', which require a
Resultative verb, are also treated as definite relatives for this purpose.
Special morphophonological rules apply to Resit and LoImpfP verbs, and
their participial variants, in definite (but not indefinite) relatives. These rules
directly modify ablaut formatives on these verb stems. This is a particularly
